Influence of Autologus Adipose Derived Stem Cells and PRP on Regeneration of Dehiscence-Type Defects in Alveolar Bone: A Comparative Histochemical and Histomorphometric Study in Dogs

Abstract

Background and Objectives: Autogenous bone grafts is considered to be the best choice for reconstructive surgery. Adipose Derived Stromal Cells (ASCs) represents a promising tool for new clinical concepts in supporting cellular therapy. The goal of our study was to investigate bone regeneration following application of autologous ASCs with or without Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) at dehiscence-type defects in alveolar bone in dogs. Methods and Results: Standardized buccal dehiscence defects (4×3×3 mm) were surgically created in eighteen dogs, the defects were grafted with either ASCs -PRP, ASCs alone, or without grafting material. Three months later; a bone core was harvested from grafted and non grafted sites for histological, histochemical and histomorphometric assessment. There was no evidence of inflammation or adverse tissue reaction with either treatment. Defects grafted with ASCs-PRP showed a significantly higher result (p≤0.05), with a mean area % of spongy bone and compact bone of (64.96±5.37 and 837.62±24.95), compared to ASCs alone (47.65±1.43 and 661.92±12.65) and without grafting (33.55±1.74 and 290.85±7.27) respectively. The area % of lamellated bone increased significantly reaching its highest level in group A followed by group B. Also a significant increase in area % of neutral mucopolysaccharides and calcified reactivity of Masson's Trichrome stain in groups A and B compared to group C was obtained. Conclusions: Our results suggest that, the addition of PRP to ASCs enhances bone formation after 3 months and may be clinically effective in accelerating postsurgical healing in both periodontal and maxillofacial surgical applications.

Perspectives on regeneration of alveolar bone defects

“…This profoundly affects the field of regenerative medicine. A study showed that after a 3 month healing period, the addition of ASCs to plateletrich plasma (PRP) enhanced the amount of n-ewly formed dog alveolar bone [67], and other studies came to thesimilar conclusions [68,69]. One study compared the use of ASCs and autogenous bone grafts in dogs, bone formation in the maxillary alveolar cleft was higher in the autograft group [70].…”

Application of Adipose Tissue Stem Cells in Regenerative Dentistry

“…Finally, 33 original studies were reviewed. [ 4 5 6 7 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 ]…”

“…a. Types of studies : Of the 33 included studies, 23 involved the animal models[ 4 5 6 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 ] whereas three trials were done on humans[ 7 29 , 30 ] and seven studies were conducted in vitro [ 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 ] [ Table 1 ].…”

Influences of mechanical barrier permeability on guided bone augmentation in the rat calvarium

“…The skin was dissected, and calvarial bone defects with the fixed plastic cap were resected, fixed in 10% neutral-buffered formalin, dehydrated, embedded in paraffin wax, processed into 5-µm sections, and stained with hematoxylin and eosin (HE) and Masson's trichrome (MT). MT staining was used to detect collagen and lamellar bone formation (9). A light microscope was used for histological and morphometric assessments of sections, and the data were analyzed with ImageJ software (National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA).…”