Influence of Binasal and Uninasal Inhalations of Essential Oil of<i>Abies koreana</i>Twigs on Electroencephalographic Activity of Human

Seo, Min; Sowndhararajan, Kandhasamy

doi:10.1155/2016/9250935

Cited by 25 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…In our previous studies, isomeric aroma components ((+)-limonene and terpinolene), essential oils from Abies koreana twigs, and Angelica gigas root showed significantly different EEG activity according to gender. Furthermore, women are more sensitive to different odor molecules than men [17,26,37]. In the olfactory bulb, total, neuronal, and non-neuronal cells were higher in the postmortem material of women than in men [12].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Gender Differences in Electroencephalographic Activity in Response to the Earthy Odorants Geosmin and 2-Methylisoborneol

et al. 2017

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Geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol, molecules with the same odor characteristics, are mainly responsible for the smell of soil and cause odor problems worldwide in drinking water supplies. However, the effect of these odor molecules on human brain function is still unclear. The present investigation aimed to evaluate the effect of inhalation of geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol on human electroencephalographic (EEG) activity in order to understand whether their action on brain wave activity is the same or different. A total of 20 healthy volunteers (10 women and 10 men) were selected to determine the EEG power spectrum changes. The EEG data were recorded from 32 channels according to the International 10-20 system and 25 EEG power spectrum indices were analyzed. The inhalation of geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol exhibited different EEG activity by producing changes in different EEG indicators as well as brain regions. In both genders, significant changes in EEG power spectra were observed during the inhalation of geosmin when compared with 2-methylisoborneol. Absolute waves such as beta, fast alpha, low beta, high beta, and gamma significantly decreased, particularly in the centro-parietal (Cp6) region, due to the exposure to geosmin. According to gender variation, geosmin produced significant changes in the absolute low beta and high beta waves at the Cp6 region in women. In the case of 2-methylisoborneol, a significant increase in absolute alpha and absolute fast alpha activity was observed at the F8 region in men. However, there were no significant changes in absolute waves for men and women during the inhalation of geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol. Although both components are responsible for soil smell, they exhibit significantly different EEG activity according to gender.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Gender Differences in Electroencephalographic Activity in Response to the Earthy Odorants Geosmin and 2-Methylisoborneol

et al. 2017

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“…In the EEG device, six channels were attached to Fp1, Fp2, F3, F4, P4, and P3 (two channels in prefrontal lobe, two channels in frontal lobe, and two channels in occiput lobe). Fp1, F3, and P3 were on the left side of the brain, and Fp2, F4, and P4 were on the right side . Statistically significant differences were found among the values of brainwave before and after the inhalation of each fragrance (Figures ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…It is a natural remedy using plants and performed widely through massage, inhalation, fomentation, bath, and foot bath . Recently, many fragrance‐related cosmetic products are becoming popular, and related fields and industries are also becoming widespread …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of human electroencephalogram change for sensory effects of fragrance

Park¹,

Kim²,

Oh³

et al. 2019

Skin Research and Technology

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Background The stabilizing effect of lavender and the arousal effect of peppermint essential oils are acknowledged and used widely in aromatherapy and the cosmetics industry. However, no evaluation method confirms the effects of essential oils through quantitative and objective electroencephalogram (EEG) results; instead, only a psychological and subjective method exists. Therefore, this study aims to create a new emotional cosmetic evaluation paradigm using EEG values. Moreover, it enables quantitative interpretation of the results in addition to the subjective survey outcomes. Methods For this study, 12 healthy female Korean participants were recruited and three fragrances were used. The EEG results were collected for 3 minutes (1 minute each before, during, and after inhalation of every fragrance). Results The quantitative EEG outcomes indicate changes in the participant's brainwaves before and after inhalation. Significant changes in the EEG were observed. Based on the results, the effects of fragrances were confirmed to be stabilizing for lavender, and arousing for peppermint and coffee aroma. Furthermore, the subjective questionnaire results indicate similar tendency as that of the quantitative EEG results. Conclusion In addition to psychological and subjective assessments, our emotional evaluation method can verify the cosmetic fragrance effects through quantitative and objective results.

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“…Fast Fourier transform was used to measure the mean power values (μV 2 ) of each segment. The mean power spectrum values were calculated for 25 EEG indices such as AT, Absolute theta (4 ~ 8 Hz); AA, Absolute alpha (8 ~ 13 Hz); AB, Absolute beta (13 ~ 30 Hz); AG, absolute gamma (30 ~ 50 Hz); ASA, Absolute slow alpha (8 ~ 11 Hz); AFA, Absolute fast alpha (11 ~ 13 Hz); ALB, Absolute low beta (12 ~ 15 Hz); AMB, Absolute mid beta (15 ~ 20 Hz); AHB, Absolute high beta (20 ~ 30 Hz); RT, Relative theta (4 ~ 8 Hz)/ (4 ~ 50 Hz); RA, Relative alpha (8 ~ 13 Hz)/ (4 ~ 50 Hz); RB, Relative beta (13 ~ 30 Hz)/ (4 ~ 50 Hz); RG, Relative gamma (30 ~ 50 Hz)/ (4 ~ 50 Hz); RSA, Relative slow alpha (8 ~ 11 Hz)/ (4 ~ 50 Hz); RFA, Relative fast alpha (11 ~ 13 Hz)/ (4 ~ 50 Hz); RLB, Relative low beta (12 ~ 15 Hz)/ (4 ~ 50 Hz); RMB, Relative mid beta (15 ~ 20 Hz)/ (4 ~ 50 Hz); RHB, Relative high beta (20 ~ 30 Hz)/ (4 ~ 50 Hz); RST, Ratio of SMR to theta (12 ~ 15 Hz)/ (4 ~ 8 Hz); RMT, Ratio of mid beta to theta (15 ~ 20 Hz)/ (4 ~ 8 Hz); RSMT, Ratio of SMR ~ mid beta to theta (12 ~ 20 Hz)/ (4 ~ 8 Hz); RAHB, Ratio of alpha to high beta (8 ~ 13 Hz)/ (20 ~ 30 Hz); SEF50, Spectral edge frequency 50% (4 ~ 50 Hz); SEF90, Spectral edge frequency 90% (4 ~ 50 Hz); ASEF, Spectral edge frequency 50% of alpha (8 ~ 13 Hz) . A Telescan software package was used to construct the t‐mapping of EEG activity under no odor and odor conditions (LXSMD61; LAXTHA Inc).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Numerous EEG studies have found that essential oils from different plant species such as peppermint, lavender, rosemary, sandalwood, neroli, jasmine, bergamot, and Abies species significantly influence the brain wave activity, resulting in the improvement of mood and cognitive functions . Further, the exposure of fragrances exhibited remarkably different EEG power spectra changes with affecting diverse brain regions according to gender …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The gender variation on the electroencephalographic activity in response to the exposure of black pepper essential oil from Kampong Cham, Cambodia

Kim

Chhoeun²,

Kim³

et al. 2019

Flavour & Fragrance J

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The present study was carried out to investigate the effect of exposure of Cambodian black pepper essential oil on the human electroencephalographic (EEG) activity. In the EEG study, 20 men and 20 women healthy volunteers participated. The EEG readings were recorded from 32 electrodes placed on the scalp according to the International 10‐20 system and 25 EEG indices were analyzed. The essential oil of black pepper mainly contains β‐caryophyllene (30.53%), 3‐carene (19.85%), limonene (14.26%), β‐pinene (9.45%), and α‐pinene (5.25%). The EEG data showed that the exposure of black pepper essential oil exhibited different brain wave activity according to the gender. In women, a significant increase of spectral edge frequency 50% of alpha at C4 region was observed due to the exposure of black pepper essential oil. In the case of men, relative gamma, the ratio of sensorimotor rhythm to theta, spectral edge frequency 50%, spectral edge frequency 90%, and spectral edge frequency 50% of alpha significantly increased during the exposure of black pepper essential oil. The result revealed that the gender variation plays a major role in the EEG activity of black pepper essential oil and the exposure of black pepper essential oil may improve the cognitive functions.

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Influence of Binasal and Uninasal Inhalations of Essential Oil ofAbies koreanaTwigs on Electroencephalographic Activity of Human

Cited by 25 publications

References 39 publications

Gender Differences in Electroencephalographic Activity in Response to the Earthy Odorants Geosmin and 2-Methylisoborneol

Gender Differences in Electroencephalographic Activity in Response to the Earthy Odorants Geosmin and 2-Methylisoborneol

Evaluation of human electroencephalogram change for sensory effects of fragrance

The gender variation on the electroencephalographic activity in response to the exposure of black pepper essential oil from Kampong Cham, Cambodia

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