Influence of biofilm formation on the mechanical properties of enamel after treatment with CPP-ACP crème

Abstract

Abstract:The study aimed to investigate the effects of bacterial biofilms on changes in the surface microhardness of enamel treated with casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) with and without fluoride. Human enamel blocks with incipient caries-like lesions were divided into four groups of 13: G1: Saliva (Control); G2: fluoride dentifrice (Crest ™ , 1100 ppm as NaF); G3: CPP-ACP (MI Paste; Recaldent ™ ); and G4: CPP-ACPF (MI Paste Plus; Recaldent™ 900 ppm as NaF). The specimens were soaked in demineralizing solution for 6 h and remineralized in artificial saliva for 18 h alternately for 10 days. The dentifrice was prepared with deionized water in a 1 : 3 ratio (w/w) or applied undiluted in the case of the CPP-ACP group. The surface microhardness (SMH) was evaluated at baseline, after artificial caries, after pH cycling and treatment with dentifrices, and after incubation in media with Streptococcus mutans for biofilm formation. The biofilms were exposed once a day to 2% sucrose and the biofilm viability was measured by MTT reduction. The percentage of change in surface microhardness (%SMHC) was calculated for each block. The data were analyzed by nonparametric test comparisons (α = 0.05). The %SMHC values observed in G2 were different from those of G1, G3, and G4 (p < 0.05). After biofilm formation, %SMHC was positive in G2 and G4 when compared to G1 and G3, but resistance to demineralization after biofilm formation was similar in all groups. In conclusion, the presence of biofilms did not influence the treatment outcomes of anticaries products.

Effect of Er,Cr:YSGG on Remineralization Using CPP - ACPF (MI - Paste Plus) after Enamel Erosion Caused by Carbonated Soft Drink in Primary Teeth: In-Vitro Study

“…The results of this study showed that the application of CPP-ACPF were comparable to immersion in artificial saliva, this is in accordance to previous studies [35], [37]. Gade justified this finding to be due to the short duration of the investigation (7 days), the absence of biofilm that enhances the adherence of CPP-ACPF and the lack of frequent demineralization that activates the CPP-ACPF [35].…”

“…Gade justified this finding to be due to the short duration of the investigation (7 days), the absence of biofilm that enhances the adherence of CPP-ACPF and the lack of frequent demineralization that activates the CPP-ACPF [35]. However, other studies found no statistical difference under pH cycling for 30 days and after incubation with Streptococcus mutans for biofilm formation [36], [37].…”

Effect of CPP-ACP on remineralization of artificial caries-like lesion: an in situ study

“…6,7 Lower adherence of microorganisms has been observed after incorporation of CPP into the salivary pellicle, in addition to delayed oral biofilm formation and maturation. 8 In vitro enamel remineralization models have been widely used for predicting the anticaries efficacy of CPP-ACP, 9,10,11,12,13,14,15 but several questions about the remineralizing effects of CPP-ACP remain unanswered. The preventive potential of CPP-ACP has been observed in in situ human models, showing significant remineralization of enamel subsurface lesions.…”

Effects of fluoride versus amorphous calcium phosphate solutions on enamel microhardness of white spot lesions: An in-vitro study

“…Amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) is an intermediate product during formation of mineralized tissue. Its features are the same as crystalized hydroxyapatite, but it is smaller and can grow in aqueous media and transform into apatite and octacalcium phosphate (14). ACP buffers the free calcium and phosphate ion activities which help maintain the supersaturation states, resulting in enhancement of remineralization and suppression of demineralization (15).…”