Influence of bisphosphonates on orthodontic tooth movement in mice

Abstract

Mechanical stress such as orthodontic tooth movement induces osteoclastogenesis. Sometimes, excessive mechanical stress results in root resorption during orthodontic tooth movement. It has been reported that bisphosphonate inhibits osteoclastogenesis. Recently, there have been concerns for orthodontic patients receiving bisphosphonates. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of bisphosphonates on orthodontic tooth movement and root resorption in mice. A nickel-titanium (Ni-Ti) closed coil spring delivering a force of 10 g was inserted between the upper anterior alveolar bone and the first molar in 8-week-old male C57BL/6 mice. Bisphosphonate (2 microg/20 microl) was injected daily into a local site adjacent to the upper molar. After 12 days, the distance the tooth had moved was measured. The number of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)-positive cells was counted as osteoclasts in histological sections. Root resorption was assessed by scanning electron microscopy. The data were analysed with a Student's t-test. The orthodontic appliance increased the number of osteoclasts on the pressure side and mesial movement of the first molar. Bisphosphonates reduced the amount of tooth movement and the number of osteoclasts. In addition, they also reduced root resorption on the pressure side. Bisphosphonates inhibit orthodontic tooth movement and prevent root resorption during orthodontic tooth movement in mice. These results suggest that bisphosphonates might have an inhibiting effect on root resorption during orthodontic tooth movement in humans and that they may interrupt tooth movement in orthodontic patients undergoing treatment, thus altering the outcome of treatment.

Orthodontic tooth movement and root resorption in ovariectomized rats treated by systemic administration of zoledronic acid

“…A recent study by Fujimura et al 22 has been reported that the local administration of alendronate sodium hydrate has inhibited orthodontic tooth movement and root resorption in male mice. Classically, ovariectomized rats have been advocated as a good osteoporotic animal model 23 and often have been used to study efficacy of drugs aimed to prevent bone loss.…”

“…30 Therefore, the medications and other substances have been used to inhibit the bone resorption such as bisphosphonates might show an effect on the prevention of root resorption during orthodontic treatment. 22 In the last 20 years, the number of adult orthodontic patients has dramatically increased. 31 However, the studies about pharmaceuticsorthodontics in adult orthodontic patients, especially in postmenopausal patients, have never been completely elucidated due to the continually developing drugs and drug regimens.…”

The effect of bone morphometric changes on orthodontic tooth movement in an osteoporotic animal model

“…Borah et al 5 evaluated changes in bone mineralization and architecture in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis after long-term treatment with risedronate, elucidating normalization of mineral levels. The effect of bisphosphonates on orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) has also been investigated in some reports, [6][7][8][9][10] in which administration of bisphosphonates decreased OTM.…”

Bisphosphonate: Brief Review of Its Development for Usage in Dentistry

“…Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa BP mungkin berguna untuk mengontrol pergerakan gigi ortodontik dan sebagai kandidat penghambat resorpsi akar selama pergerakan gigi ortodontik. 21 Namun, efek lain dari penggunaan BP adalah adanya kemungkinan hambatan pergerakan gigi yang dirawat ortodontik (Gambar 2). 21 Selanjutnya, data menunjukkan bahwa konsumsi BP meningkatkan waktu yang dibutuhkan untuk perawatan ortodontik dan mempengaruhi keberhasilan perawatan ortodontik dalam hal penutupan ruangan dan paralelitas akar.…”

“…21 Namun, efek lain dari penggunaan BP adalah adanya kemungkinan hambatan pergerakan gigi yang dirawat ortodontik (Gambar 2). 21 Selanjutnya, data menunjukkan bahwa konsumsi BP meningkatkan waktu yang dibutuhkan untuk perawatan ortodontik dan mempengaruhi keberhasilan perawatan ortodontik dalam hal penutupan ruangan dan paralelitas akar. 22 Penelitian yang mengevaluasi efek pemberian topikal chlodronat pada tulang alveolar hewan coba yang mengalami periodontitis, menunjukkan bahwa obat ini mencegah kehilangan tulang dan menurunkan jumlah osteoklas.…”