Influence of Bottom Friction on Sea Surface Roughness and Its Impact on Shallow Water Wind Wave Modeling

Johnson, Hakeem K.; Kofoed‐Hansen, Henrik

doi:10.1175/1520-0485(2000)030<1743:iobfos>2.0.co;2

Cited by 43 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The search for these scaling parameters, and hypotheses for their use, has been going on for many years (e.g., Charnock 1955;Miles 1957;Hsu 1974;Plant 1982;Geernaert et al 1986;Donelan 1990;Donelan et al 1993;Dobson et al 1994;Hare et al 1997;Johnson et al 1998;Bourassa et al 1999;Drennan et al 2005), but consensus remains elusive.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the Exchange of Momentum over the Open Ocean

Edson

Jampana

Weller

et al. 2013

Journal of Physical Oceanography

609

720

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This study investigates the exchange of momentum between the atmosphere and ocean using data collected from four oceanic field experiments. Direct covariance estimates of momentum fluxes were collected in all four experiments and wind profiles were collected during three of them. The objective of the investigation is to improve parameterizations of the surface roughness and drag coefficient used to estimate the surface stress from bulk formulas. Specifically, the Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Response Experiment (COARE) 3.0 bulk flux algorithm is refined to create COARE 3.5. Oversea measurements of dimensionless shear are used to investigate the stability function under stable and convective conditions. The behavior of surface roughness is then investigated over a wider range of wind speeds (up to 25 m s 21 ) and wave conditions than have been available from previous oversea field studies. The wind speed dependence of the Charnock coefficient a in the COARE algorithm is modified to a 5 mU 10N 1 b, where m 5 0.017 m 21 s and b 5 20.005. When combined with a parameterization for smooth flow, this formulation gives better agreement with the stress estimates from all of the field programs at all winds speeds with significant improvement for wind speeds over 13 m s 21. Wave age-and wave slope-dependent parameterizations of the surface roughness are also investigated, but the COARE 3.5 wind speed-dependent formulation matches the observations well without any wave information. The available data provide a simple reason for why wind speed-, wave age-, and wave slopedependent formulations give similar results-the inverse wave age varies nearly linearly with wind speed in long-fetch conditions for wind speeds up to 25 m s 21.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the Exchange of Momentum over the Open Ocean

Edson

Jampana

Weller

et al. 2013

Journal of Physical Oceanography

609

720

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Beyond this breakpoint wind speed, the drag coefficient reaches some limiting value or decreases slightly. Further research has demonstrated additional complexity suggesting the wind drag coefficient is also a function of the sea state (Andreas et al, 2012;Reichl et al, 2014) global location and temperature (Kara et al, 2007) and has some dependence on the bottom friction formulation (Johnson and Kofoed-Hansen, 2000;Zijlema et al, 2012). The considerable research that has been applied to estimating the proper wind drag coefficients to reproduce historical hurricanes demonstrates that there is some general agreement on the significance of this model input for accurate surge simulations (Bacopoulos et al, 2012;Cheung et al, 2007;Huang et al, 2013;Vatvani et al, 2012;Zachry et al, 2013).…”

Section: Wind Dragmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several studies have identified the JoNSWAP parameter value as a significant consideration for the simulation of wave propagation within shallow water (Cialone and Smith, 2007;Johnson and Kofoed-Hansen, 2000;Mortlock et al, 2014;Padilla-Hernández and Monbaliu, 2001;Zijlema et al, 2012). The JoNSWAP bottom friction formulation has been historically considered to vary between two values representing swell conditions (0.038 m 2 s −3 ) and local wind-driven wave growth (0.067 m 2 s −3 ) (Hasselmann et al, 1973).…”

Section: Wave Bottom Frictionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parameter sensitivity and uncertainty analysis for a storm surge and wave model

Bastidas¹,

Knighton

Kline³

2016

Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract. Development and simulation of synthetic hurricane tracks is a common methodology used to estimate hurricane hazards in the absence of empirical coastal surge and wave observations. Such methods typically rely on numerical models to translate stochastically generated hurricane wind and pressure forcing into coastal surge and wave estimates. The model output uncertainty associated with selection of appropriate model parameters must therefore be addressed. The computational overburden of probabilistic surge hazard estimates is exacerbated by the high dimensionality of numerical surge and wave models. We present a model parameter sensitivity analysis of the Delft3D model for the simulation of hazards posed by Hurricane Bob (1991) utilizing three theoretical wind distributions (NWS23, modified Rankine, and Holland). The sensitive model parameters (of 11 total considered) include wind drag, the depth-induced breaking γ B , and the bottom roughness. Several parameters show no sensitivity (threshold depth, eddy viscosity, wave triad parameters, and depth-induced breaking α B ) and can therefore be excluded to reduce the computational overburden of probabilistic surge hazard estimates. The sensitive model parameters also demonstrate a large number of interactions between parameters and a nonlinear model response. While model outputs showed sensitivity to several parameters, the ability of these parameters to act as tuning parameters for calibration is somewhat limited as proper model calibration is strongly reliant on accurate wind and pressure forcing data. A comparison of the model performance with forcings from the different wind models is also presented.

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“…Source terms for white capping (deep-water wave breaking) and quadruplet-wave interaction were included in modelling the waves. Bottom roughness was included in the simulation based on the formulation outlined in (Johnson and Kofoed-Hansen, 2000). The equivalent Nikuradse sand roughness was set to 1 cm.…”

Section: Model Set-up and Data For The Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of an Offshore Wind Farm on Wave Conditions and Shoreline Development

Christensen¹,

Kristensen²,

Deigaard³

2014

Int. Conf. Coastal. Eng.

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The influence of offshore wind farms on the wave conditions and impact on shoreline development is studied in a generic set-up of a coast and a shoreline. The objective was to estimate the impact of a typical sized offshore wind farm on a shoreline in a high wave energetic environment. Especially the shoreline's sensitivity to the distance from the OWF to the shoreline was studied. The effect of the reduced wind speed inside and on the lee side of the offshore wind farm was incorporated in a parameterized way in a spectral wind wave model. The shoreline impact was studied with a one-line model.

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Influence of Bottom Friction on Sea Surface Roughness and Its Impact on Shallow Water Wind Wave Modeling

Cited by 43 publications

References 23 publications

On the Exchange of Momentum over the Open Ocean

On the Exchange of Momentum over the Open Ocean

Parameter sensitivity and uncertainty analysis for a storm surge and wave model

Impact of an Offshore Wind Farm on Wave Conditions and Shoreline Development

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