Influence of boundary reflection and refraction on diffusive photon transport

Durian, Douglas J.

doi:10.1103/physreve.50.857

Cited by 102 publications

(90 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…For the stationary case and for isotropic scattering, solutions of the Milne equation show [9] that the value of z 0 for an semi-infinite medium becomes smaller by only a few percent for slab thicknesses 2 # L͞ᐉ # 16. Comparison of numerical simulations with diffusion theory has shown [12] that the total transmission for varying L and R is very well described by the diffusion theory result T ͑ᐉ 1 z͒͑͞L 1 2z͒, in which z 0 2ᐉ͞3 [6,11]. Our samples are prepared on a quartz substrate ͑n 1.46͒ leading to two boundaries with different reflection coefficients: R as (air sample) and R sq (sample-quartz substrate) giving rise to two extrapolation lengths: z as and z sq .…”

Section: Observation Of Anomalous Transport Of Strongly Multiple Scatmentioning

confidence: 99%

Observation of Anomalous Transport of Strongly Multiple Scattered Light in Thin Disordered Slabs

Kop¹,

Vries²,

Sprik³

et al. 1997

Phys. Rev. Lett.

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Section: Observation Of Anomalous Transport Of Strongly Multiple Scatmentioning

confidence: 99%

Observation of Anomalous Transport of Strongly Multiple Scattered Light in Thin Disordered Slabs

Kop¹,

Vries²,

Sprik³

et al. 1997

Phys. Rev. Lett.

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“…1b-d, transmission measurements are plotted for glasses with the same filling fraction, but with different sphere diameters. The total transmission for a random system with a slab geometry is expressed by Ohm's law 23,24 , which states that the total transmission T(L, l) / ' t (l)/L. Therefore a measurement of T(L, l) is a direct probe of the spectral dependence of ' t (l).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Resonance-driven random lasing

Sapienza

García

Gottardo³

et al. 2008

Nature Photon

276

183

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A random laser is a system formed by a random assembly of elastic scatterers dispersed into an optical gain medium 1 . The multiple light scattering replaces the standard optical cavity of traditional lasers and the interplay between gain and scattering determines the lasing properties. All random lasers studied to date have consisted of irregularly shaped or polydisperse scatterers, with a certain average scattering strength that was constant over the frequency window of the laser [2][3][4] . In this letter we consider the case where the scattering is resonant. We demonstrate that randomly assembled monodisperse spheres can sustain scattering resonances over the gain frequency window, and that the lasing wavelength can therefore be controlled by means of the diameter and refractive index of the spheres. The system is therefore a random laser with an a priori designed lasing peak within the gain curve.In recent years the interest in random lasing has grown very rapidly, particularly following the observation of this phenomenon in powdered laser crystals 5 , ceramics 6 , organic composites 7 , and even biological tissue 8 . The necessary condition for a random laser is that the material is multiply scattering light, which means that the transport mean free path (the average distance over which the scattered light direction is randomized) ' t ( L, where L is the sample size. The other fundamental quantity is the gain length ' g , which represents the path length over which the intensity is amplified by a factor e þ1 . The interaction between gain and scattering determines the unique properties of the random laser and, in particular, defines the critical thickness for the sample (in slab geometry) to lase,. Unlike in ordinary lasers, the resulting light emission is multidirectional, but the threshold behaviour 3 , the photon statistics 10,11 and relaxation oscillations 12,13 are very similar to those of standard lasers. The spectral output of a random laser system contains narrow emission spikes 4 , which for large spectral width can merge into a smooth peak with an overall narrowing of the spectrum in most experimental configurations 3,14 , like the one considered in this paper.Wavelength tunability is a crucial property of lasing devices. In regular lasers this is easily achieved by tuning the resonance frequency of the resonator. The same principle has also been applied in more complex cavity structures, such as distributed feedback lasers and photonic crystals lasers, in which the cavity modes are the Bloch modes associated with the periodic structure. Tuning the lattice constant then provides a simple tool to tune the laser for high-quality photonic crystals 15,16 or with localized periodicity 17,18 . These tricks do not work in random structures due to the absence of periodicity. Here we will show, however, that even in a completely random system with no periodicity, resonant tunability can be achieved based on singleparticle resonances.A random system, composed of particles of arbitrary shape and size, has a...

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“…To calculate the transport mean free path, l * , for diffusive wave transport and the scattering mean free path, l s , for ballistic wave transport, a diffusion theory formalism 31,32 is used. The transmission intensities as a function of propagation distance are obtained after electromagnetic fields in a system are saturated with a plane-wave source.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intrinsic photonic wave localization in a three-dimensional icosahedral quasicrystal

2017

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Wave transport is one of the most interesting topics related to quasicrystals. This is due to the fact that the translational symmetry strongly governs the transport properties of every form of wave. Although quasiperiodic structures with 1-4 or without 1,5-7 disorder have been studied, a clear mechanism for wave transport in three-dimensional quasicrystals including localization is missing 8,9 . To study the intrinsic quasiperiodic e ects on wave transport, the time invariance of the lattice structure and the loss-free condition must be controlled 10,11 . Here, using finite-di erence methods, we study the di usive-like transport and localization of photonic waves in a three-dimensional icosahedral quasicrystal without additional disorder. This result appears at odds with the well-known theory 12 of wave localization (Anderson localization), but we found that in quasicrystals the short mean free path of the photonic waves makes localization possible.The first discovery of a quasicrystal 13 disproved the long-standing conjecture in condensed matter physics that only crystalline materials with translational symmetry could be densely packed and highly ordered. In crystalline materials the waves with wavelengths commensurate with the crystal's periodicity can transmit without scattering loss, leading to ballistic transmission. Disordered materials can be contrasted with ordinary crystals. Because of frequent scattering, wave transport in disordered materials is usually described by random walks leading to diffusive transmission, for example, Ohm's law 14 . Considering the wave nature of electrons, Anderson predicted that if the degree of structural randomness is sufficiently large, the wave interference will result in complete halting of electrons, the so-called Anderson localization 15 , and the transmission coefficient will decrease exponentially with increasing sample thickness 16 . Because of the mixed structural characteristics-for example, the lack of translational symmetry of the disordered media and the highly ordered structure of the ordinary crystals-a critical question has been raised regarding wave transport in quasicrystals, including localization, which has not been thoroughly answered 17 .To the best of our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of the intrinsic localization of photonic waves in a three-dimensional (3D) quasicrystal without additional disorder. Photonic wave localization in a 3D icosahedral quasicrystal is carefully investigated by photonic wave transmission utilizing finite-difference methods. The diffusive transport and localization of photonic waves in the quasicrystal are revealed by widely accepted approaches 18,19 . We characterize the localization phenomena by analysing the spatial and temporal evolution of photonic waves. The localization mechanism is elucidated using the photonic band structures of quasicrystal approximants.An icosahedral quasicrystal structure can be built according to the substitution rules 20 as shown in Fig. 1a-i and further detailed in Supplementary ...

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Influence of boundary reflection and refraction on diffusive photon transport

Cited by 102 publications

References 24 publications

Observation of Anomalous Transport of Strongly Multiple Scattered Light in Thin Disordered Slabs

Observation of Anomalous Transport of Strongly Multiple Scattered Light in Thin Disordered Slabs

Resonance-driven random lasing

Intrinsic photonic wave localization in a three-dimensional icosahedral quasicrystal

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