Influence of Breaking Waves and Wake Bubbles on Surface-Ship Wake Scattering at Low Grazing Angles

Zhang, Xiaoxiao; Wu, Zhensen; Su, Xiang

doi:10.1088/0256-307x/35/7/074101

Cited by 12 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…In the process of the development of underwater-guided weapons, the methods of countering underwater-guided weapons are also constantly developing. In order to effectively avoid attacks from underwater weapons, surface ships will change the wake path to resist the attack creating false wakes, steering avoidance, cross tracks, and so on [20,21]. Now, the wake characteristics of the more complex manufacturing of false wakes and cross tracks are analyzed.…”

Section: Technology and Characteristics Of Ship Against Wake-guided W...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Research on Laser Dual-Mode Fusion Detection Method of Ship Wake Bubbles

Zong,

Zhang,

Duan

et al. 2024

Applied Sciences

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Addressing the issues of weak echo signals and strong background interference in the laser detection of ships’ wakes, an analysis of the laser backscatter detection characteristics of ships’ wakes has been conducted. Based on the Monte Carlo method, a simulation model for the dual-mode fusion detection of ship wake bubbles using laser technology was constructed under different target characteristics. A dual-mode fusion detection system for ships’ wakes was designed, and an indoor experimental platform for the dual-mode fusion detection of ship wake bubbles using laser technology was established. To address problems such as a wide range of echo signal intensity changes, severe signal fluctuations, low resolution, poor image contrast, and blurred target edge information, an algorithm based on multi-timescale hierarchical fusion signal processing and temporal difference accumulation image processing was proposed. Verification experiments for ship wake detection were conducted, which revealed that the dual-mode fusion detection method for ship wake bubbles using laser technology can effectively enhance the detection signal-to-background ratio and counter the maneuvering evasion of underwater weapons by ships. It achieved high sensitivity, large dynamic range, high resolution, and a wide field of view detection and real-time signal processing of ship wake bubble targets of different magnitudes against a strong reverberation background. The effectiveness of the dual-mode fusion detection mode was validated, providing theoretical support for the overall system design and parameter settings.

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Section: Technology and Characteristics Of Ship Against Wake-guided W...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Research on Laser Dual-Mode Fusion Detection Method of Ship Wake Bubbles

Zong,

Zhang,

Duan

et al. 2024

Applied Sciences

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“…The first order of this series A (1) NL identifies with F(k m , k n ;t) in (5), then the second-order is given by…”

Section: Model Of the Deterministic Nonlinear Sea Surfacementioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the study of the interaction mechanism between the sea surface and electromagnetic waves is usually restricted by two aspects, nonlinear effects in complex sea state [1] and efficient electromagnetic scattering model [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of microwave backscattering from nonlinear sea surface with currents: doppler spectrum and SAR images

Zhang

Dang

et al. 2020

Int. J. Microw. Wireless Technol.

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Electromagnetic scattering from the sea surface is of great significance in radar detection, target recognition, ocean remote sensing, etc. By introducing the action spectrum, the modified spatio-temporal variation wave spectrum is used to establish a nonlinear sea surface with currents in this paper. Traditional capillary wave modification facet scattering model (CWMFSM) can only calculate the backscattering from the wind-driven sea surface. By using the new spatio-temporal variation wave spectrum to modify the scattering amplitude of every facet, the new CWMFSM can be used to calculate the nonlinear sea surface scattering with surface currents. Therefore, the model simultaneously considers the modulation of sea surface wind and currents to the radar back echo. The dependence of backscattering coefficient from nonlinear sea surface on the incident angle and the polarization are discussed. The results verify that the nonlinear model is more consistent with the measurement data. This paper also investigates the Doppler spectrum characteristics of the sea with currents. It is found that the effect of wave–current interaction on Doppler spectra is weaker than that of wave–wave interaction. The SAR images of nonlinear sea surfaces are also simulated and different bands, polarizations, and baseline length effects on sea current detection performance of along-track interference SAR are analyzed.

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“…The research on the electromagnetic scattering model of the sea surface can not only help to estimate and optimize the target recognition algorithm, but also be used to supplement experimental data [2][3][4]. The high-resolution radar characteristics of the sea surface under high wind conditions at low grazing angles (LGA) have been a point of discussions and in-depth analysis in recent years [5][6][7][8]. Under high wind conditions, the wave energy increases due to sea-air interactions, and wave breaking occurs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Volume-Surface Composite Scattering Model for Nonlinear Ocean Surface With Breaking Waves and Foam Layers Under High Wind Conditions

Zhang¹,

Su²,

Wu³

2019

PIER B

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Electromagnetic scattering from the sea surface is of great significance in ocean remote sensing especially under high wind conditions. A novel volume-surface composite scattering model of nonlinear rough sea surfaces with breaking waves and foam layers under high wind conditions is presented in this study. Based on the semi-deterministic facet scattering model (SDFSM), using a ray tracing method combined with impedance equivalent edge currents (RT-IEEC) and vector radiative transfer theory (VRT), the backscattering characteristics of the sea surface with breaking waves and foam layers are investigated. The crest-and static-foam coverage was introduced to determine the breaking point and foam coverage distribution. The dependence of the backscattering coefficient of the sea surface with and without breaking waves and foam layers on the incident angle, wind speed, and the polarization are discussed in detail. The results of numerical simulations are analyzed and compared with the measured data from the relevant references which verifies the validity of our volume-surface composite scattering model. The synthetic aperture radar (SAR) image simulations of the surface with and without the breaking waves and foam layers are compared, and the combined effects of the breaking waves and whitecaps are analyzed.

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Influence of Breaking Waves and Wake Bubbles on Surface-Ship Wake Scattering at Low Grazing Angles

Cited by 12 publications

References 17 publications

Research on Laser Dual-Mode Fusion Detection Method of Ship Wake Bubbles

Research on Laser Dual-Mode Fusion Detection Method of Ship Wake Bubbles

Analysis of microwave backscattering from nonlinear sea surface with currents: doppler spectrum and SAR images

A Volume-Surface Composite Scattering Model for Nonlinear Ocean Surface With Breaking Waves and Foam Layers Under High Wind Conditions

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