Influence of breastfeeding and iron status on mental and psychomotor development during the first year of life.

Jardí, Cristina; Hernández‐Martínez, Carmen; Canals, Josefa; Arija, Victoria; Bedmar, Cristina; Voltas, Núria; Aranda, Núria

doi:10.1016/j.infbeh.2017.05.009

Cited by 21 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Epidemiological studies have demonstrated that optimizing brain development in early life has been associated with long-term consequences for individuals, for instance, academic performance, the level of education attained [1][2][3], and mental well-being in adulthood [4]. In particular, early-life environmental factors such as smoking, healthy lifestyle, and other factors have been suggested to play a major role in neurodevelopmental processes [5][6][7][8][9][10][11]. Accordingly, some previous studies have evidenced a relationship between suboptimal maternal diet in pregnancy and poorer mental and psychomotor development in offspring [5,6,[12][13][14][15][16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In particular, early-life environmental factors such as smoking, healthy lifestyle, and other factors have been suggested to play a major role in neurodevelopmental processes [5][6][7][8][9][10][11]. Accordingly, some previous studies have evidenced a relationship between suboptimal maternal diet in pregnancy and poorer mental and psychomotor development in offspring [5,6,[12][13][14][15][16]. More specifically, several studies have reported that iron deficiency (ID) in pregnancy may adversely influence brain development and be associated with infant and child behavioral problems and poorer cognitive development [5,6,13,[17][18][19][20][21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Accordingly, some previous studies have evidenced a relationship between suboptimal maternal diet in pregnancy and poorer mental and psychomotor development in offspring [5,6,[12][13][14][15][16]. More specifically, several studies have reported that iron deficiency (ID) in pregnancy may adversely influence brain development and be associated with infant and child behavioral problems and poorer cognitive development [5,6,13,[17][18][19][20][21]. More recently, it has been suggested that ID during pregnancy may not only have effects in early life [5,6,[21][22][23][24] but could also be related to long-term alterations in cognitive, behavior, and social development and poorer school performance during childhood and adolescence [3,12,[25][26][27].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Association of Iron Status and Intake During Pregnancy with Neuropsychological Outcomes in Children Aged 7 Years: The Prospective Birth Cohort Infancia y Medio Ambiente (INMA) Study

et al. 2019

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Early iron status plays an important role in prenatal neurodevelopment. Iron deficiency and high iron status have been related to alterations in child cognitive development; however, there are no data about iron intake during pregnancy with other environmental factors in relation to long term cognitive functioning of children. The aim of this study is to assess the relationship between maternal iron status and iron intake during pregnancy and child neuropsychological outcomes at 7 years of age. We used data from the INMA Cohort population-based study. Iron status during pregnancy was assessed according to serum ferritin levels, and iron intake was assessed with food frequency questionnaires. Working memory, attention, and executive function were assessed in children at 7 years old with the N-Back task, Attention Network Task, and the Trail Making Test, respectively. The results show that, after controlling for potential confounders, normal maternal serum ferritin levels (from 12 mg/L to 60 mg/L) and iron intake (from 14.5 mg/day to 30.0 mg/day), respectively, were related to better scores in working memory and executive functioning in offspring. Since these functions have been associated with better academic performance and adaptation to the environment, maintaining a good state of maternal iron from the beginning of pregnancy could be a valuable strategy for the community.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Association of Iron Status and Intake During Pregnancy with Neuropsychological Outcomes in Children Aged 7 Years: The Prospective Birth Cohort Infancia y Medio Ambiente (INMA) Study

et al. 2019

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“…Breastfeeding is known to have a beneficial effect on the cognitive development of the child [3][4][5] and to be related to improved performance in intelligence tests 72 . Since mitochondrial dysfunction plays an important role in neurodegenerative disorders 73 , it may be possible that an increase of mtDNA content has beneficial effects on brain development.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Breastfeeding predicts blood mitochondrial DNA content in adolescents

Cosemans

Nawrot

Janssen

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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nutrition during early childhood is linked to metabolic programming. We hypothesized that breastfeeding has long-term consequences on the energy metabolism exemplified by mitochondrial DnA (mtDnA). As part of the third cycle of the flemish environment and Health Study (fLeHSiii) cohort, 303 adolescents aged 14-15 years were included. We associated breastfeeding and blood mtDNA content 14-15 years later while adjusting for confounding variables. Compared with nonbreastfed adolescents, mtDNA content was 23.1% (95%CI: 4.4-45.2; p = 0.013) higher in breastfed adolescents. Being breastfed for 1-10 weeks, 11-20 weeks, and >20 weeks, was associated with a higher mtDNA content of respectively 16.0% (95%CI: −7.1-44.9; p = 0.191), 23.5% (95%CI: 0.8-51.3; p = 0.042), and 31.5% (95%CI: 4.3-65.7; p = 0.021). Our study showed a positive association between breastfeeding and mtDnA content in adolescents which gradually increased with longer periods of breastfeeding. Higher mtDNA content may be an underlying mechanism of the beneficial effects of breastfeeding on children's metabolism. Exclusive breastfeeding (i.e. not formula-feeding) for six months is recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) for optimal growth, development, and health of the child 1. Breast milk is known to have many benefits for the child's health, like strengthening their immune system and it has a positive effect on brain development and cognitive function. Studies on the effect of breastfeeding stated a decline in infection rates in childhood 2 , an improvement in white matter development 3 , a better psychomotor development during the first year of life 4 , and higher cognitive development scores 5. Breastfeeding may, in addition, be associated with a lower risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus 6 and has a protective effect against obesity 7. The potential mechanisms through which breastfeeding can have positive effects on children's development may be due to the composition of breast milk (i.e. presence of nutrients and absence of preservatives), the optimal supply of breast milk, or the improved bond between mothers and their child 8. However, the exact cellular and molecular mechanisms through which breastfeeding exerts its positive effects are still unknown. Mitochondria are intracellular organelles responsible for energy production by producing adenosine triphosphate (ATP), a substrate required for metabolism. Every cell contains various mitochondria, each with multiple copies of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) 9. Decreased mitochondrial function can cause impaired cellular functions and give rise to a variety of human diseases such as cardiovascular diseases 10 , cancer 11 , diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome 12,13 , autoimmune diseases 14,15 , and neurodegenerative and-behavioral diseases 16-18. In addition, placental mtDNA content was positively associated with neurocognition in children 19. Impaired mitochondrial function also plays a role in obesity-related 7 and cardiovascular diseases 20. Mitochondrial function can be altered by environme...

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“…Breastfeeding has multiple benefits in the short or long term, providing advantages for both infant and mother. ere are reports about the effects of breastfeeding on the decline of infection rates and positive impact on physical, cerebral, and cognitive development of infants [1][2][3][4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Breastfeeding Behavior in Brazilian Children with Congenital Zika Syndrome

Cavalcanti

Aguiar

Melo

et al. 2020

International Journal of Dentistry

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Congenital Zika Syndrome (CZS) is a condition that has emerged only recently, bringing together multiple changes, including significant changes in the stomatognathic system, which may compromise sucking behavior and consequently the breastfeeding practice. e aim of this study was to investigate the breastfeeding behaviors in children with CZS. A longitudinal study was carried out in two reference centers in Northeastern Brazil. e nonprobabilistic sample consisted of 79 children diagnosed with physical, neurological, and behavioral alterations compatible with CZS. Information regarding the child, nutritive, and nonnutritive sucking behavior and changes related to the sucking reflex was collected. Data were presented through descriptive and inferential statistics. In the bivariate analyses, the chi-squared test was used and 5% significance level was adopted. e majority of children had severe microcephaly (59.7%). Breastfeeding was performed at birth in most of CZS children (89.9%) but only 36.6% of them presented exclusive breastfeeding in the six months of life. Bottle feeding and pacifier were used in 89.9% and 55.7%, respectively. Sucking and swallowing difficulties and occurrence of gastroesophageal reflux were observed in 27.8%, 48.0%, and 29.2% of children, respectively. Early weaning was associated with bottle feeding (p � 0.005) and pacifier sucking (p � 0.003). Although breastfeeding practice at birth constitutes a behavior adopted by most of mothers, adherence to this exclusive habit until the first six months of life was low since the children presenting a large number of comorbidities with direct interference in the suction reflex, sucking, and swallowing difficulty.

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Influence of breastfeeding and iron status on mental and psychomotor development during the first year of life.

Cited by 21 publications

References 42 publications

Association of Iron Status and Intake During Pregnancy with Neuropsychological Outcomes in Children Aged 7 Years: The Prospective Birth Cohort Infancia y Medio Ambiente (INMA) Study

Association of Iron Status and Intake During Pregnancy with Neuropsychological Outcomes in Children Aged 7 Years: The Prospective Birth Cohort Infancia y Medio Ambiente (INMA) Study

Breastfeeding predicts blood mitochondrial DNA content in adolescents

Breastfeeding Behavior in Brazilian Children with Congenital Zika Syndrome

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