Influence of cadmium content on the microstructure characteristics of dip coated nanocrystalline Zn1−xCdxS (0⩽x⩽0.9) and their heterojunction applications

Roushdy, N.; Farag, A.A.M.; Rafea, M. Abdel; El-Shazly, O.; El‐Wahidy, E. F.

doi:10.1016/j.spmi.2013.07.008

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…In order to achieve this goal, we chose ternary alloy system Zn 1−x Cd x S, which forms a complete series of solid solutions across the composition range. Zn 1−x Cd x S also has interesting material properties that have recently been investigated quite extensively due to their wide range of applicability in photocatalysis [57,58], as tunable photoluminescence emission materials [59][60][61][62][63], as nonvolatile memory devices [64], or as heterojunctions in solar cells [65,66]. The presence of Zn and Cd with largely different scattering properties makes this solid solution a suitable candidate for the purpose of our study.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microscopic description of the evolution of the local structure and an evaluation of the chemical pressure concept in a solid solution

et al. 2014

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Extended x-ray absorption fine-structure studies have been performed at the Zn K and Cd K edges for a series of solid solutions of wurtzite Zn 1−x Cd x S samples with x = 0.0, 0.1, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, and 1.0, where the lattice parameter as a function of x evolves according to the well-known Vegard's law. In conjunction with extensive, large-scale first-principles electronic structure calculations with full geometry optimizations, these results establish that the percentage variation in the nearest-neighbor bond distances are lower by nearly an order of magnitude compared to what would be expected on the basis of lattice parameter variation, seriously undermining the chemical pressure concept. With experimental results that allow us to probe up to the third coordination shell distances, we provide a direct description of how the local structure, apparently inconsistent with the global structure, evolves very rapidly with interatomic distances to become consistent with it. We show that the basic features of this structural evolution with the composition can be visualized with nearly invariant Zn-S 4 and Cd-S 4 tetrahedral units retaining their structural integrity, while the tilts between these tetrahedral building blocks change with composition to conform to the changing lattice parameters according to the Vegard's law within a relatively short length scale. These results underline the limits of applicability of the chemical pressure concept that has been a favored tool of experimentalists to control physical properties of a large variety of condensed matter systems.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microscopic description of the evolution of the local structure and an evaluation of the chemical pressure concept in a solid solution

et al. 2014

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“…With the increase of the cadmium nitrate concentration, the diffraction peaks at 31.6, 34.2, and 36.2° in ZNZCS4 and ZNZCS5 samples gradually disappear. This is because the surface of ZnO nanorods is completely covered by Zn 1– x Cd x S. The calculated crystallite size of Zn 1– x Cd x S gradually increases from 15.99 to 19.26 nm with an increasing Cd content (Table S1), which may be attributed to the larger ionic size of Cd 2+ (0.97 Å) as compared to Zn 2+ (0.74 Å) …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…39,44,45 As can be seen, the diffraction peaks of Zn S1), which may be attributed to the larger ionic size of Cd 2+ (0.97 Å) as compared to Zn 2+ (0.74 Å). 46 Figure 2 shows the SEM images of ZnO, ZnS/ZnO, and Zn 1−x Cd x S/ZnO nanorod arrays. As can be seen from Figure 2a−c, the surface of a stainless-steel mesh is covered with ZnO nanorod arrays compactly.…”

Section: ■ Experimental Sectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Situ Growth Facilitating the Piezo-Photocatalytic Effect of Zn_1–xCd_xS/ZnO Nanorods for Highly Efficient H₂ Production

et al. 2023

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Photocatalytic H 2 production holds promise for alleviating energy and environmental issues. The separation of photoinduced charge carriers plays vital roles in enhancing the activity of photocatalytic H 2 production. The piezoelectric effect has been proposed to be effective in facilitating the separation of charge carriers. However, the piezoelectric effect is usually restricted by the noncompact contact between the polarized materials and semiconductors. In this study, Zn 1−x Cd x S/ZnO nanorod arrays on stainless steel for piezo-photocatalytic H 2 production are fabricated by an in situ growth method, achieving an electronic-level contact between Zn 1−x Cd x S and ZnO. The separation and migration of photogenerated charge carriers in Zn 1−x Cd x S are significantly improved by the piezoelectric effect induced by ZnO under mechanical vibration. Consequently, under solar and ultrasonic irradiation, the H 2 production rate of Zn 1−x Cd x S/ZnO nanorod arrays achieves 20.96 μmol h −1 cm −2 , which is 4 times higher than that under solar irradiation. Such a performance can be attributed to the synergies of the piezoelectric field of bent ZnO nanorods and the built-in electric field of the Zn 1−x Cd x S/ZnO heterostructure, which efficiently separate the photoinduced charge carriers. This study provides a new strategy to couple polarized materials and semiconductors for highly efficient piezo-photocatalytic H 2 production.

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“…With the increase in band gap energy, CZS can be used as a window layer in photovoltaic cells . Using CZS instead of CdS as a window layer in the heterojunction photovoltaic device can decrease the absorption losses. , There is an increase in voltage open circuit (voc) and short circuit current, in spite of a decrease in window absorption losses . Furthermore, CZS can lead to an increase in photocurrent in heterojunction devices .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Vacuum and Air Annealing on Structural, Morphological, Optical, and Electrical Properties of Multilayer CdZnS Thin Films for Photovoltaic and Optoelectronic Applications

et al. 2022

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Multilayer CdZnS (CZS) thin film was deposited on soda lime glass substrates. After deposition, the films were vacuum and air annealed at 100 °C, 200 °C, 300 and 400 °C for 1 h. Effects of vacuum and air annealing on structural, morphological, optical, and electrical properties of multilayer CZS films with increasing annealing temperature (IAT) were studied. The structural analysis revealed that the films were polycrystalline with hexagonal structure having a prominent/intensive peak along the (002) plane at 300 and 400 °C. The crystallite size of nanoparticles increased from 18.4 to 20.5 nm under air annealing and from 18.4 to 26.9 nm under vacuum annealing, showing the significance of annealing on nanoparticle grain growth. According to morphological analysis, the multilayer technique provides homogeneous film distribution over the substrate. The transmittance graphs of films revealed that it increased up to 92% in the visible and NIR regions under vacuum annealing and up to 52% under air annealing. Vacuum annealing enhanced the band gap energies more significantly than air annealing. The electrical resistivity increased with IAT, showing that structural, morphological, optical, and electrical properties of the multilayer thin films of CZS were strongly dependent on vacuum and air annealing.

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Influence of cadmium content on the microstructure characteristics of dip coated nanocrystalline Zn1−xCdxS (0⩽x⩽0.9) and their heterojunction applications

Cited by 9 publications

References 34 publications

Microscopic description of the evolution of the local structure and an evaluation of the chemical pressure concept in a solid solution

Microscopic description of the evolution of the local structure and an evaluation of the chemical pressure concept in a solid solution

In Situ Growth Facilitating the Piezo-Photocatalytic Effect of Zn_1–xCd_xS/ZnO Nanorods for Highly Efficient H₂ Production

Effects of Vacuum and Air Annealing on Structural, Morphological, Optical, and Electrical Properties of Multilayer CdZnS Thin Films for Photovoltaic and Optoelectronic Applications

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Influence of cadmium content on the microstructure characteristics of dip coated nanocrystalline Zn1−xCdxS (0⩽x⩽0.9) and their heterojunction applications

Cited by 9 publications

References 34 publications

Microscopic description of the evolution of the local structure and an evaluation of the chemical pressure concept in a solid solution

Microscopic description of the evolution of the local structure and an evaluation of the chemical pressure concept in a solid solution

In Situ Growth Facilitating the Piezo-Photocatalytic Effect of Zn1–xCdxS/ZnO Nanorods for Highly Efficient H2 Production

Effects of Vacuum and Air Annealing on Structural, Morphological, Optical, and Electrical Properties of Multilayer CdZnS Thin Films for Photovoltaic and Optoelectronic Applications

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In Situ Growth Facilitating the Piezo-Photocatalytic Effect of Zn_1–xCd_xS/ZnO Nanorods for Highly Efficient H₂ Production