Influence of carbon nanodots on the Carbonate/CO2/Brine wettability and CO2-Brine interfacial Tension: Implications for CO2 geo-storage

Sakthivel, Sivabalan; Yekeen, Nurudeen; Theravalappil, Rajesh; Al-Yaseri, Ahmed

doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2023.129404

Cited by 9 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…CNDs are promising surface-active agents for altering the wettability from strongly oil-wet to water-wet in carbonate reservoirs. 52 CND can be used as nanofluids for heat transfer as well as a CI, where CNDs are dispersed in heat transfer fluids and they can create nanofluids that have better thermal conductivity compared to the conventional fluids. The incorporation of CNDs in the heat exchanger and cooling systems led to enhanced efficiency of heat transfer, 53 which is imperative for several processes in the oil and gas industry.…”

Section: ■ Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…CNDs can change the wettability of the fluid surface, which can affect the flow of fluid. 52,54 CNDs can interfere with the formation of boundary layers, which are thin layers of fluid that form near solid surfaces. Boundary layers can cause drag; therefore, interfering with their formation can reduce the drag.…”

Section: ■ Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…CNDs have a high surface area and tunable surface chemistry, so they can be utilized as catalysts for many processes, such as hydrocracking and reforming, which improve refining operations efficiency. CNDs are promising surface-active agents for altering the wettability from strongly oil-wet to water-wet in carbonate reservoirs . CND can be used as nanofluids for heat transfer as well as a CI, where CNDs are dispersed in heat transfer fluids and they can create nanofluids that have better thermal conductivity compared to the conventional fluids.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…CNDs can be used for enhanced oil recovery (EOR) due to their ability to change the reservoir fluids’ properties and enhance the flow characteristics, where CNDs can alter the interfacial tension (IFT), wettability, and viscosity, and as a result, enhance the oil displacement and increase the oil recovery. ,− In addition, CNDs can be used as adsorbents for water remediation, and they can be used as smart fluids by introducing them into drilling fluids or completion fluids due to their ability to improve rheological properties, reduce friction, and improve wellbore stability . This paper explored the utilization of CNDs as viscosity reducers for EAS, as well as DRAs for the EAS.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…CNDs can work as steric stabilizers, preventing the fluid molecules from coming into close contact with each other, which helps reduce fluid viscosity and improve flow. , Adding CNDs to the fluid will create a hydrodynamic lift force that opposes the drag force on the fluid. CNDs can change the wettability of the fluid surface, which can affect the flow of fluid. , CNDs can interfere with the formation of boundary layers, which are thin layers of fluid that form near solid surfaces. Boundary layers can cause drag; therefore, interfering with their formation can reduce the drag.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Novel Environmentally Friendly Nanomaterials for Drag Reduction of the Emulsified Acid System

AL-Dogail,

Gajbhiye,

Solling

et al. 2023

ACS Omega

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Matrix acidizing is a technique that is widely used in the petroleum industry to remove scales and create channels in the rock. Removal of scales and creation of channels (wormhole) enhance productivity. Conventional acidizing fluids, such as hydrochloric acid (HCl) for carbonate and a mixture of hydrofluoric acid (HF) and HCl acid, are used for the matrix acidizing process. However, these fluids have some drawbacks, including strong acid strength, corrosion at high temperatures, and quick reactions with scale and particles. Emulsified acid systems (EASs) are used to address these drawbacks. EASs can create deeper and narrower wormholes by reducing the reaction rate of the acid due to the external oil phase. However, EASs have a much higher viscosity compared to conventional acidizing fluids. The high viscosity of EASs leads to a high drag that restricts pumping rates and consumes energy. This study aims to utilize environmentally friendly and widely available nanomaterials as drag-reducing agents (DRAs) of the EAS. The nanomaterials used in this study are carbon nanodots (CNDs). CNDs have unique properties and are used in diverse applications in different industries. The size of these CNDs is usually smaller than 10 nm. CNDs are characterized by their biocompatibility and chemical stability. This study investigates the use of CNDs as DRAs for EAS. Several experiments have been conducted to investigate the CNDs as a DRA for the EAS. The developed EAS was initially tested for conductivity and drop-test analysis to ensure the formation of an inverted emulsion. Thereafter, the thermal stability for the range of temperatures and the rheological properties of the EAS were evaluated to meet the criteria of field operation. Then flow experiments with EASs were conducted before and after adding the CNDs to investigate the efficacy of drag reduction of EASs. The results revealed that CNDs can be used as viscosity reducers for the EAS, where adding the CNDs to the EAS reduces the viscosity at two different HCl concentrations (15 and 20%). It reduces the viscosity of the EAS in the presence of corrosion inhibitors as well as other additives to the EAS, showing its compatibility with the field formulation. The drag reduction was observed at the range of temperatures investigated in the study. The conductivity, stability, and rheology experiments for the sample taken after the flow experiment are consistent, ensuring CNDs work as a DRA. The developed EAS with CNDs is robust in terms of field mixing procedures and thermally stable. The CNDs can be used as a DRA with EAS, which will reduce drag in pipes, increasing pumping rates and saving energy.

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Section: ■ Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: ■ Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%