Influence of carbonisation on selected engineering properties of carbon resin electrodes for electrochemical treatment of wastewater

Abstract

In this study, effects of selected factors on selected properties of carbon resin electrodes (CRE) have been investigated. CRE were developed from used dry cells and resin using non-heat-treatment process. Selected properties (density, electrical resistance, microstructure, hygroscopy, stability moisture content, compressive and flexural strength) of the electrodes were monitored and effects of carbonisation temperature, carbon particle size, and compaction pressure on these properties were studied.The study revealed that the density of CRE was in the range of 1.33 to 1.59 g/cm 3 , compressive strength ranged from 36.56 to 43.81 MN/m 2 , flexural strength, moisture content, and swelling were in the range of 6.76 to 8.10 MN/m 2 , 0.84-0.93%, and 6.04-9.30%, respectively. In all cases electrical resistance and density of CRE decreased with increasing carbonisation temperature at various operational factors (particle size, compacting pressure, and percentage of the resin used). Also, it was revealed that carbonisation of CRE from 30 to 220 • C reduced specific electrical resistance and density from 1.85 to 1.29 × 10 −1 /cm and from 1.35 to 1.24 g/cm 3 , respectively, but carbonisation temperature had no significant effect on wetness, compressive and flexural strength, stability, and moisture content of the electrodes. Estimated costs revealed that cost of producing CRE was cheaper ($13.25/m) than that of heat-treated electrodes ($33.33/m).It was concluded that carbonisation temperature, particle size, compacting pressure, and percentage of the resin used are important factors in the development of CRE with lower specific electrical resistance.Dans la présenteétude, on a examiné les effets de facteurs choisis sur des propriétés choisies d'électrodes de résine de carbone (ERC). On a mis au point ces dernièresà partir de piles sèches usées et de résine au moyen d'un procédé sans traitement thermique. On a observé les propriétés sélectionnées (densité, résistanceélectrique, microstructure, hygrométrie, stabilité, teneur en humidité, résistanceà la compression et résistanceà la flexion) desélectrodes et on a examiné les effets de la température de carbonisation, la taille des particules de carbone et la pression de compactage sur ces propriétés. L'étude a révélé que la densité des ERC se situait dans la plage de 1,33 g/cm 3à 1,59 g/cm 3 , la pression de compactage variait de 36,56à 43,81 MN/m 2 et la résistanceà la flexion, la teneur en humidité et le gonflement variaient de 6,76à 8,10 MN/m 2 , 0,84à 0,93% et 6,04à 9,30% respectivement. Dans tous les cas, la résistanceélectrique et la densité des ERC diminuaient avec l'augmentation de la température de carbonisationà divers facteurs opérationnels (taille des particules, pression de compactage et pourcentage de résine utilisé). On aégalement noté que la carbonisation des ERC de 30à 220 • C réduisait la résistanceélectrique et la densité spécifiques de 1,85à 1,29 × 10 −1 /cm et de 1,35 g/cm 3à 1,24 g/cm 3 respectivement, mais la température de carbonisation n'a eu aucun ef...

Weibull Technique for Evaluation of Swelling: Composite Graphite Resin Electrode for Electrochemical Treatment of Gold Mining Wastewaters

“…3b revealed that at a fixed percentage binder and compaction pressure, swelling of the graphite electrode decreases with increasing particle sizes, which can be attributed to higher binding forces within the higher particle size. These relationships are similar and agreed with observations made in the literature [15] on the stability and the progress of Carbon-Resin utilized in the reduction of chloride in salty water [21] on the swelling property and mechanism of lithium iron phosphate cell at extreme-temperature preservation, [20] on the improved swelling behaviour of Li-ion cells at the anode, [16] on the stability and thermal properties of carbon composite electrodes produced for as a facility during the treatment of raw water and industrial wastewaters electrochemically, [15] on the utilization Of Weibull Techniques to express the effective distribution of carbon composite electrodes and [15] on characterization and durability of a composite of carbon mixed with resin electrode. [15] on the swelling phenomenon in Lithium-ion power cells, [17] on the regulated swelling behaviour and an effective cycle of silicon mixed graphite composite cells for high density of energy in lithium-ion cells, [18] on the 2 k laboratory scale factorial experiments on operational factors that impacted the efficacy of carbon mixed with resin electrodes.…”

“…Composite electrodes (carbon-resin or graphite-resin electrodes) were produced from used and discarded primary cells. The details of the development are presented in previous articles such as Oke et al [15], Oke et al [16] and Oke [21]. The equipment used is presented in Figure 1.…”

“…The focal setback of the treatment technique is the requirement for passive or inactive electrodes, which include gold, silver titanium compounds, graphene and carbon or graphite-related electrodes. It is well established that moisture content, wet and dry density, electrical conductivity and resistance, swelling, thermal resistance and conductivity, and compressive and flexural strength are among the significant factors and restrictions of these electrodes [18][19][20][21]. In the treatment technique, the reputation of operative electrodes and these other constraints cannot be neglected because of their effects on operational and energy costs.…”

Exploiting the Potentials of Rice Husk Ash as Supplement in Cement for Construction in Nigeria

“…The breakdown is as adapted from Grover and Mishra 23 and Oke. 24 It was modified to suit the present purpose.…”