Influence of carbonyl group on photocurrent density of novel fluorene based D-π-A photosensitizers: Synthesis, photophysical and photovoltaic studies

Efficiency enhancement of ruthenium-based DSSCs employing A–π–D–π–A organic Co-sensitizers

“…2,8-Dibromodibenzo[ b , d ]thiophene, p -boronic acid benzaldehyde, pd(dppf) 2 Cl 2 , K 2 CO 3 , Pd(PPh 3 ) 4 , EDOT, POCl 3 , rhodamine-3-acetic acid, cyanoacetic acid, 2-methyl quinoline-6-carboxylic acid and 5-oxo-1-phenyl-pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich, Alfa Aesar and Ark Pharm. Furthermore, 2,2′-bipyridinyl-4,4′-dicarboxylic acid, 34 N , N -diphenyl-4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)aniline (7) 24 and 2-bromo-(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-5-carbaldehyde (8) 35 were synthesized as reported with the detailed procedures included in the ESI. † All solvents were purchased from Fisher Scientific.…”

“…The dialdehyde (2) then undergoes a Knoevenagel condensation reaction with active methylene compounds, such as rhodamine-3-acetic acid (3), cyanoacetic acid (4), 2-methyl quinoline-6-carboxylic acid (5) and 1-phenyl-pyrazol-5-one-3carboxylic acid (6), in the presence of ammonium acetate catalyst to give the target organic sensitizers IMA1-4. Synthesis of the target Ru complex starts with the C-C Suzuki cross-coupling reaction of N,N-diphenyl-4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)aniline (7) 24 and 2-bromo-(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-5-carbaldehyde (8) 35 to prepare the required aldehyde (9). The aldehyde (9) undergoes a condensation reaction with 4,4 0 -dimethyl-2,2 0 -dipyridyl in the presence of Me 3 SiCl to afford the ancillary ligand (10).…”

“…[18][19][20] In addition, metal-free organic sensitizers are the most favored candidates compared to Ru(II)based sensitizers because they have many advantages, such as a exible model, cost-effective synthesis and superior molar extinction coefficients accompanied with intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) from an electron-rich donor to an anchoring unit through a p-spacer unit upon light absorption. [21][22][23][24] In addition to the requirement to improve DSSC performance, co-sensitization is one of the most promising approaches for improving efficiency in DSSCs using a combination of organic sensitizers (visible absorption) and Ru(II) (NIR-absorbing) complexes in order to obtain a wide spectral response in the visible light region and thus improve the absorption of light. 1,25 Actually, co-sensitization of DSSCs signicantly increases the performance of photovoltaics compared to a single sensitizer.…”

Can a Small Change in the Heterocyclic Substituent Significantly Impact the Physicochemical and Biological Properties of (Z)-2-(5-Benzylidene-4-oxo-2-thioxothiazolidin-3-yl)acetic Acid Derivatives?

“…This is primarily due to the growing requirements placed on chemical compounds used, among others, in technology, pharmacy and medicine. In recent years, derivatives of rhodanine-3-acetic acid have become increasingly popular in scientific research [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 ]. These compounds exhibit many interesting physicochemical and biological properties, so they are being investigated for numerous applications [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 ].…”

A Theoretical Evaluation of the Efficiencies of Metal-Free 1,3,4-Oxadiazole Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells: Insights from Electron–Hole Separation Distance Analysis

“…An organic dye usually consists of three fragments, namely, a donor, π-spacer, and an acceptor (D-π-A), where a push-pull system induces intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) from D to A via the π-spacer (Figure 1) [18][19][20][21][22]. Commonly used donor groups include triarylamine, starburst, carbazoles, indoles, phenoxides, phenothiazine, and coumarins [21,[23][24][25][26][27][28][29], while commonly used π-spacer units include vinylene and thiophene groups [27,29], and commonly used acceptor groups include cyanoacetic acid, rhodamine-3-acetic acid, barbituric acid, hydroxyl, phosphoric acid, cyanoacrylic acid, and carboxylic acid [22,27,30]. ICT occurs due to sunlight hitting the compound and following a process that mimics photosynthesis [31].…”