Influence of carrier on the performance of dry powder inhalers

Formulation of pH responsive peptides as inhalable dry powders for pulmonary delivery of nucleic acids

“…Mannitol has emerged as a promising carrier in inhalable dry powder formulation. It is less hygroscopic than the commonly used lactose and, more importantly, does not have a reducing sugar function which makes it more compatible with the peptide vector in our formulations [40]. One of the major considerations with the preparation of DNA powder formulations is to maintain the stability of DNA, especially the physical stability.…”

The Role of Carrier in Dry Powder Inhaler

“…Partially amorphous or unstable polymorphic forms and changes therein (Harjunen et al, 2002) make the interparticulate contact quite unpredictable and the powder formulation rather unstable (De Boer et al, 2003). It was reported that the maximum fine particle dose of terbutalinesulphate is obtained with the crystallized form of mannitol comparing to different polymorphs of mannitol (Saint-Lorant et al, 2007). Furthermore, previous reports have suggested increased amorphous content in DPI systems resulted in decreased aerosolization performance (Young et al, 2004;Ward et al, 1995).…”

“…Its potential use as a carrier for aerosol delivery has been reported (Tee et al, 2000;. Mannitol does not have a reducing sugar function, is less hygroscopic than lactose (Saint-Lorant et al, 2007)and gives a suitable sweet after-taste which has a benefit to patients confirming them that a dose has been properly administered (Kaialy et al, 2010).Mannitol proved to be the most promising candidate for this application than the more hygroscopic sugar alcohols such as sorbitol, xylitol and maltitol. D-mannitol is currently marketed in some countries as a pulmonary diagnostic dry powder inhalation aerosol (Aridol TM ) and as a therapeutic dry powder inhalation aerosol for the treatment of cystic fibrosis and chronic bronchitis (Bronchitol TM ) which are recently approved by US food and drug administration office and a European regulatory committee, respectively (Mansour et al, 2010).Spherical mannitol particles used in Aridol TM were produced by spray drying (Tang et al, 2009).A DPI formulation for inhalation of ciprofloxacin hydrochloride (an antibacterial fluoroquinolone) was prepared by its co-spray drying with different percentages of mannitol.…”

“…In fact, the capillary forces, arisen from the dynamic condensation of water molecules onto particle surfaces, seem to be less prominent with mannitol and lactose as carriers, probably because of their less hygroscopic characteristics than the other carbohydrates (Zeng et al, 2007;Young et al, 2007). However, it was proposed that the difficulties arising from their hygroscopicity can be overcome by adding an ultrafine hydrophobic excipient to the powder blend .Comparing the different forms of mannitol, lactose and maltitol mixed with terbutaline sulfate resulted in higher FPF with crystallized mannitol for terbutaline sulfate (Saint-Lorant et al, 2007).Hooton et al, used beta cyclodextrin, lactose, raffinose, trehalose and xylitol for the formulation of salbutamol sulfate DPI and applied the cohesive-adhesive balance technique for analyzing quantitative AFM measurements to interpret inhalation behavior of drug. The rank order of the FPF of the salbutamol sulfate based carrier DPI formulations was beta cyclodextrin> lactose >raffinose>trehalose> xylitol which had a linear correlation with cohesive-adhesive ratios of the AFM force measurements (Hooton et al, 2006).…”

Dry Powder Inhalers: Study of the Parameters Influencing Adhesion and Dispersion of Fluticasone Propionate

“…On the other hand, it must first be overcome by inhalation flow to allow detachment in order to effectively deposit fine API into the lung. Various studies have extensively investigated the factors influencing the interaction forces, such as carrier surface roughness (1,2), carrier size (3,4), particle morphology (5-7), carrier material (8,9), environmental humidity (10,11), presence of excipient fines (12,13) and other formulation characteristics.…”