Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D 3 on the proliferation, differentiation, and matrix mineralization of MC3T3-E1 osteoblast-like cells in vitro. Methods: MC3T3-E1 osteoblastic cells and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D 3 were prepared. Cytotoxic effects and osteogenic differentiation were evaluated using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity assay, ALP staining, alizarin red S staining, and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for osteogenic differentiation markers such as ALP, collagen type I (Col-I), osteocalcin (OCN), vitamin D receptor (VDR), and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase.
Results:The MTT assay showed that 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D 3 did not inhibit cell growth and that the rate of cell proliferation was higher than in the positive control group at all concentrations. ALP activity was also higher than in the positive control group at low concentrations of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D 3 (10 , and 10 −14 M). RT-PCR showed that the gene expression levels of ALP, Col-I, OCN, and vitamin D receptor (VDR) were higher at a low concentration of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D 3 (10 −12 M). Alizarin red S staining after treatment with 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D 3 (10 −12 M) showed no significant differences in the overall degree of calcification. In contrast to the positive control group, formation of bone nodules was induced in the early stages of cell differentiation. Conclusions: We suggest that 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D 3 positively affects cell differentiation and matrix mineralization. Therefore, it may function as a stimulating factor in osteoblastic bone formation and can be used as an additive in bone regeneration treatment.
Keywords: Bone regeneration; Calcitriol; Osteoblasts
INTRODUCTIONRecent developments in the field of medicine and the consequent increase in the average life expectancy of humans have triggered attempts to enhance and maintain quality of life. Oral and dental health is crucial for consuming a balanced nutritional intake, and is therefore one of the necessities for maintaining quality of life. However, individuals who have lost their teeth for various reasons often need dental treatment, and implants have been used effectively for J Periodontal Implant Sci. 2018 Feb;48(1):34-46 https://doi
