Influence of Ce on Characteristics of Inclusions and Microstructure of Pure Iron

Wen, Bin; Song, Bo; Pan, Ning; Shu, Qifeng; Hu, Xiaojun; Mao, Jinghong

doi:10.1016/s1006-706x(11)60021-6

Cited by 23 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Rare earth elements have been widely used in the steelmaking process to improve the quality of steel or slag [16][17][18]. Purifying molten steel, modifying inclusions, and micro-alloying are generally considered the essential function of REs for their applications in steel [19][20][21][22][23]. Due to the unique electronic shell structures, REs can react with trace element arsenic to modify its existing state in steel, so as to decrease its hazard to steel products [24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution of Arsenic Inclusions in Rare Earth Steel Ingots

Wang

Jiang

et al. 2020

Metals

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Trace element arsenic is detrimental to the quality and properties of steel products. We used lanthanum to modify the distribution of arsenic by the formation of arsenic rare earth inclusions and investigated all inclusions on the full profile of the ingots prepared in the laboratory. The results show that the addition of lanthanum has dramatically influenced the distribution of arsenic in the ingots by the formation of arsenic inclusions. The arsenic inclusions turn out to be mainly the cluster-shaped La-S-As, as well as its composite inclusions combined with LaS and La-As. La-S-As can be considered a solid solution of LaS and LaAs. They distribute mainly at the top surface of the ingots within 3 mm, at the side and bottom surfaces within 1.5 mm, leading to a dramatic decrease of arsenic concentration at the inner part of the ingots. This distribution characteristic of La-S-As can be used to manufacture steel ingots with very low arsenic concentration by peeling off these (La-S-As)-containing layers. On the contrary, the distribution of composite inclusions (La-S-As)-(La-As) and single-phase La-As, is uniform. Except for the reaction with arsenic, lanthanum can also react with phosphorous and antimony to modify the existing state of these trace elements.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution of Arsenic Inclusions in Rare Earth Steel Ingots

Wang

Jiang

et al. 2020

Metals

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“…Rare earth (RE) elements are broadly utilized in functional materials, RE permanent magnetic materials, luminescent materials, and hydrogen storage materials . For structural materials, RE elements play an important role in purification, heterogeneous nucleating agents, and modifiers of nonmetallic inclusions . Moreover, they have been found to strengthen the grain boundary and suppress the crack propagation with more impact energy absorption .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…4,5 For structural materials, RE elements play an important role in purification, 6 heterogeneous nucleating agents, [7][8][9] and modifiers of nonmetallic inclusions. [10][11][12][13][14][15][16] Moreover, they have been found to strengthen the grain boundary and suppress the crack propagation with more impact energy absorption. 17 Many studies have confirmed that an extremely small amount of RE addition can change the phase transformation temperature points during heating or cooling without an obvious modification of the composition.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical states of ppm cerium in steel by ToF‐SIMS analysis

Dai

Guo

Wang

et al. 2019

Surface & Interface Analysis

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Time‐of‐flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF‐SIMS) was employed for an analysis of the rare earth element Ce in pure iron and steel. Secondary ion images showed that the amount of the segregation of Ce and its oxides was much less as the concentration of Ce decreased to about 11 ppm in the pure iron. In terms of depth profiling from the surface to the matrix, variation of the CeO+/Ce+ ratio in a Ce oxides sample and a pure Ce sample exhibited difference between oxidized state and metallic state. It was demonstrated that metallic Ce was presented when the ratio of CeO+/Ce+ decreased to approximately 2 and even smaller. Oxygen content with concentration of tens of ppm may influence the ratio obviously. Such ToF‐SIMS analysis was also feasible to discern the states of cerium in a Q345E steel with concentration in ppm level.

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“…Many investigations demonstrated that the addition of Zr in steels has positive effects, such as inhibiting the austenite grain growth, controlling the sulfi de shape, as well as improving the impact toughness [9]. Cerium is also considered to be an extremely effective nucleation element and can modify the shape of inclusions [10,11], leading to improvement of the mechanical properties as well as the corrosion resistance of steel plates [12].However, less attention has been paid to the effect of composite microadditives on the improvement of center segregation and mechanical properties. The present work aims to investigate the effect of microadditives of Zr-Ti carbides and nitrides on the center segregation, microstructure, and mechanical properties of high-strength low-alloy steels.…”

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Effect of Microadditives on Center Segregation and Mechanical Properties of High-Strength Low-Alloy Steels

Троцан

et al. 2016

Metallurgist

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One of the main tasks of steelmaking is to obtain the necessary thermodynamic conditions that ensure fi ne and homogeneous solidifi ed microstructure. The relatively economical solution is to feed microadditives into liquid steel. The metallurgical considerations and techniques on the feeding of microadditives are described in the present work. The effect of small addition of reactive fi ne particles and ultra-high melting point powders on the control of non-metallic inclusions, slab center segregation, and mechanical properties, especially the Z-direction properties, was investigated. The results showed that the microadditives had composite effects on microalloying and modifi cation of inclusions. The segregation of elements in the slab center of high strength steels was remarkably reduced. The mechanical property along the Z-direction of steel plates was greatly improved.Introduction. The morphology, dimension, composition, and distribution of inclusions in steels have a remarkable infl uence on mechanical properties and microstructure of steels [1, 2]. There has been much attention focused on inclusions in steels as an effective method for grain refi nement. Feeding powders or cored wires into liquid steel is commonly practiced for microalloying and refi ning high strength steels. This is a relatively effi cient method to reduce the sulfi de content and signifi cantly modify the performance of inclusions in steels.Thermochemical data indicate that Ti, and Zr, and rare earths (RE) are strong deoxidation elements and their oxides are stable in liquid steels [3][4][5]. Meanwhile, extensive studies reported that Ti-bearing inclusions are the effective nucleating cores for acicular ferrite when the inclusion size is appropriate [6][7][8]. Many investigations demonstrated that the addition of Zr in steels has positive effects, such as inhibiting the austenite grain growth, controlling the sulfi de shape, as well as improving the impact toughness [9]. Cerium is also considered to be an extremely effective nucleation element and can modify the shape of inclusions [10,11], leading to improvement of the mechanical properties as well as the corrosion resistance of steel plates [12].However, less attention has been paid to the effect of composite microadditives on the improvement of center segregation and mechanical properties. The present work aims to investigate the effect of microadditives of Zr-Ti carbides and nitrides on the center segregation, microstructure, and mechanical properties of high-strength low-alloy steels.Experiments. Two high-strength low-alloy (HSLA) steel plates, Steel A treated by using microadditive feeding and Steel B treated by using conventional Si-Ca feeding, were made in an industrial scale. The refi ning process of both steels is identical. The basic chemical composition of these two steels before feeding is listed in Table 1. The type, size, and amount of microadditives are listed in Table 2. The feeding temperature of microadditives was 1530-1535°C.

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Influence of Ce on Characteristics of Inclusions and Microstructure of Pure Iron

Cited by 23 publications

References 12 publications

Distribution of Arsenic Inclusions in Rare Earth Steel Ingots

Distribution of Arsenic Inclusions in Rare Earth Steel Ingots

Chemical states of ppm cerium in steel by ToF‐SIMS analysis

Effect of Microadditives on Center Segregation and Mechanical Properties of High-Strength Low-Alloy Steels

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