Influence of cell surface hydrophobicity on attachment of<i>Candida albicans</i>to extracellular matrix proteins

Silva, T.M.J.; Glee, Pati M.; Hazen, Kevin C.

doi:10.1080/02681219580000251

Cited by 42 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…1a and 2a). These results concur with the opinions of some authors, who consider the cellular surface hydrophobicity the main molecular force for microorganism adhesion to substrata (6,18,22). In addition to cell surface hydrophobicity, the interaction free energy (Table 3) gives a thermodynamic interpretation of the adhesion process.…”

supporting

confidence: 80%

Thermodynamic Analysis of Growth Temperature Dependence in the Adhesion of Candida parapsilosis to Polystyrene

Gallardo-Moreno¹,

González-Martı́n²,

Pérez-Giraldo

et al. 2002

Appl Environ Microbiol

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The purpose of this work was to study the adhesion to polystyrene of two Candida parapsilosis strains, grown at 22 and 37°C, in terms of hydrophobicity, surface charge, and interaction free energy. Growth temperature changed the surface properties of microorganisms, yielding a good correlation between thermodynamic predictions and adhesion behavior.Candida parapsilosis has emerged as an important nosocomial pathogen (16,20,24) with clinical implications, all of which usually occur in association with invasive procedures or prosthetic devices (27). Colonization by candidas and subsequent infection is achieved by a combination of specific (ligand-receptor interactions) and nonspecific mechanisms (1), allowing the yeast to attach to a wide range of tissue types and nonbiological surfaces. This process depends on the cell surface properties of both the host and the fungus (4).The main nonspecific forces acting during the initial stages of the adhesion process have a thermodynamic nature, and they are mainly related to the hydrophobic effect (11). The contribution of the electrostatic forces to adherence has been questioned (12).Quantification of surface hydrophobicity and surface charge can be made by different methods (3,21,26), but the obtained results are greatly influenced by the environmental conditions in which cells are grown or suspended in experimental procedures (7,8,9,10,19).The aim of this work is to study the hydrophobicity and surface charge of C. parapsilosis in relation to the process of adhesion to polystyrene, in order to determine whether the thermodynamic theory predicts the adherence. The effect of growth temperature on the above properties has been also analyzed.C. parapsilosis strain 294 and C. parapsilosis strain 289 were isolated from blood of patients of Infanta Cristina Hospital (Badajoz, Spain). Yeasts were stored at Ϫ80°C and cultured in Sabouraud broth at 22 and 37°C for 48 h. After culture, the yeasts were harvested by centrifugation, 5 min at 1,000 ϫ g (Sorvall TC6; Dupont, Newtown, Conn.), and washed three times in deionized water, potassium phosphate buffer (KPi) (0.01 mol liter Ϫ1 ) or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) (0.1 mol liter Ϫ1 ) depending on the liquid employed in the experimental hydrophobicity assay. Finally, the cells were resuspended in the appropriate fluids.Water, formamide, and diiodomethane contact angles ( W , F , and D , respectively) on lawns of partially dried yeasts were determined using the sessile drop technique (3) ( Table 1). Briefly, microorganisms suspended in demineralized water were layered onto 3-m-pore-size filters (Millipore; Molsheim, France) using a negative pressure. The filters were left to air dry for 30 min and introduced into an environmental chamber, which was allowed to saturate with vapor from the liquid employed. The images were taken as has been described previously (15). Once the contact angles were measured, the Lifshitz-van der Waals (␥ LW ) and acid-base (␥ AB ) surface tension components were obtained from the application of the You...

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confidence: 80%

Thermodynamic Analysis of Growth Temperature Dependence in the Adhesion of Candida parapsilosis to Polystyrene

Gallardo-Moreno¹,

González-Martı́n²,

Pérez-Giraldo

et al. 2002

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…CSH of C. albicans strains was measured by the hydrophobic microsphere-binding assay as described previously (28). In brief, stationary-phase cells were washed in double-distilled water and counted and were then mixed with a suspension of latex beads.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The cell adhesion assay was carried out as described previously (26,28). A total of 200 washed cells from stationary-phase cultures of hydrophobic and hydrophilic cells were added and allowed to bind to fibronectin-coated 48-well tissue culture plates.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hydrophobic cells, compared to hydrophilic cells, exhibit greater adherence to epithelial and endothelial cells and extracellular matrix proteins, appear to be more resistant to killing by phagocytes, and are more virulent in mice (2,12,16,26,28). C. albicans is unique among Candida species in that CSH status varies in response to different environmental conditions and growth phases (17).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Cloning and Analysis of a Candida albicans Gene That Affects Cell Surface Hydrophobicity

Singleton¹,

Masuoka²,

Hazen

2001

J Bacteriol

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The opportunistic pathogenic yeast Candida albicans exhibits growth phase-dependent changes in cell surface hydrophobicity, which has been correlated with adhesion to host tissues. Cell wall proteins that might contribute to the cell surface hydrophobicity phenotype were released by limited glucanase digestion. These proteins were initially characterized by their rates of retention during hydrophobic interaction chromatography-high-performance liquid chromatography and used as immunogens for monoclonal antibody production. The present work describes the cloning and functional analysis of a C. albicans gene encoding a 38-kDa protein recognized by the monoclonal antibody 6C5-H4CA. The 6C5-H4CA antigen was resolved by two-dimensional electrophoresis, and a partial protein sequence was determined by mass spectrometry analysis of tryptic fragments. The obtained peptides were used to identify the gene sequence from the unannotated C. albicans DNA database. The antibody epitope was provisionally mapped by peptide display panning, and a peptide sequence matching the epitope was identified in the gene sequence. The gene sequence encodes a novel open reading frame (ORF) of unknown function that is highly similar to several other C. albicans ORFs and to a single Saccharomyces cerevisiae ORF. Knockout of the gene resulted in a decrease in measurable cell surface hydrophobicity and in adhesion of C. albicans to fibronectin. The results suggest that the 38-kDa protein is a hydrophobic surface protein that meditates binding to host target proteins.Cell surface hydrophobicity (CSH) has a central role in the pathogenesis of the opportunistic fungal pathogen Candida albicans. Hydrophobic cells, compared to hydrophilic cells, exhibit greater adherence to epithelial and endothelial cells and extracellular matrix proteins, appear to be more resistant to killing by phagocytes, and are more virulent in mice (2,12,16,26,28). C. albicans is unique among Candida species in that CSH status varies in response to different environmental conditions and growth phases (17). Within the laboratory setting, populations of C. albicans cells can be switched between the hydrophobic and hydrophilic phenotypes by simply changing the growth temperature. The degree of outer chain mannosylation of cell wall proteins may play a key role in regulating the switch between the two phenotypes (25), but the factors that actually confer the hydrophobic phenotype are unclear.Previous work has identified several specific surface antigens that appear to contribute to CSH and affect cell attachment to host targets (10,11,24,25,26). Identification of proteins that might contribute to the CSH phenotype has been accomplished by partial cell wall digestion to release minimally covalently linked proteins and proteins that are noncovalently trapped within the wall matrix. Extracts containing candidate proteins were then separated by high-performance liquid chromatography-hydrophobic interaction chromatography to obtain fractions enriched in proteins with a greater hydroph...

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“…molecules that could facilitate binding during dissemination. They include integrin analogues (reviewed in references 22 and 29); ligands for CD11b and CD18 (17); mannosylated and nonmannosylated components that bind endothelial cells (14)(15)(16) or spleen and lymph node macrophages (32,37); ALS gene products expressed in vivo (30) that promote adhesion to endothelial cells, epithelial cells, and ECM proteins (18,19); ECM-binding mannoproteins (reviewed in reference 8), including an ␣5␤1 integrin-like fibronectin receptor (50); and ECM-binding hydrophobic surface proteins (40,52).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Inhibition of Hydrophobic Protein-MediatedCandida albicansAttachment to Endothelial Cells during Physiologic Shear Flow

Glee¹,

Cutler

Benson³

et al. 2001

Infect Immun

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Influence of cell surface hydrophobicity on attachment ofCandida albicansto extracellular matrix proteins

Cited by 42 publications

References 20 publications

Thermodynamic Analysis of Growth Temperature Dependence in the Adhesion of Candida parapsilosis to Polystyrene

Thermodynamic Analysis of Growth Temperature Dependence in the Adhesion of Candida parapsilosis to Polystyrene

Cloning and Analysis of a Candida albicans Gene That Affects Cell Surface Hydrophobicity

Inhibition of Hydrophobic Protein-MediatedCandida albicansAttachment to Endothelial Cells during Physiologic Shear Flow

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