Influence of cigarette smoking on biventricular systolic function independent of respiratory function: a cross-sectional study

Abstract

Background Cigarette smoking harms nearly every organ, including the heart and lungs. A comprehensive assessment of both cardiac and respiratory function is necessary for evaluating the direct effects of tobacco on the heart. However, few previous studies examining the effects of cigarette smoking on cardiac function included an assessment of lung function. This cross-sectional study investigated the influence of cigarette smoking on cardiac function, independent of respiratory function. Methods We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 184 consecutive cases that underwent both spirometry and transthoracic echocardiography around the same time (within 1 month) in one hospital from April 2019 to March 2020. Participants were classified into three groups based on lifetime smoking exposure (pack-years): non-smoker (n = 49), low exposure (1–20 pack-years, n = 40), and high exposure (≥ 20 pack years, n = 95). Multiple linear regression analysis was used to assess the relationship among cigarette smoking, and cardiac and respiratory functions. The relationship between selected dependent variables and lifetime pack-years was assessed in two models with multiple linear regression analysis. Model 1 was adjusted for age and male sex; and Model 2 was adjusted for Model 1 plus forced expiratory volume percentage in 1 s and forced vital capacity percentage. Results Compared with the non-smokers, the participants with high smoking exposure had lower left ventricular (LV) systolic function and larger LV size. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed a negative association of cumulative lifetime pack-years with LV and right ventricular (RV) systolic functions, even after adjustment for age, sex, and spirometric parameters (forced expiratory volume percentage in 1 s and forced vital capacity percentage). Meanwhile, there was no significant association of smoking exposure with LV diastolic function (E/e′ and E/A) and RV diastolic function (e′t and e′t/a′t). Conclusions Cumulative smoking exposure was associated with a negative effect on biventricular systolic function in patients with relatively preserved cardiac function, independent of respiratory function.

Nicotine and novel tobacco products drive adverse cardiac remodeling and dysfunction in preclinical studies

“…Cigarette smoking is strongly associated with cardiac remodeling and dysfunction (4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11). Early clinical studies of novel tobacco products have shown promising reductions in cardiovascular diseases when compared to cigarette smoking (23,26,27).…”

“…Cardiac remodeling is concerning due to its propensity to decompensate toward cardiac dysfunction and disease states including myocardial infarction and heart failure (HF) (2,3). Cardiac remodeling, cardiac dysfunction, and HF are significantly associated with both current and former cigarette smoking, as well as second-hand smoke exposure (4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11).…”

Simultaneously Assessed Three-Dimensional Speckle-Tracking Echocardiography-Derived Left Ventricular and Left Atrial Volumes Are Associated in Healthy Adults—Findings from the MAGYAR-Healthy Study

“…None of them used drugs or had a known disease, pathological state, or clinical condition that could affect the results. Because of the known negative effects of smoking on cardiac function, all subjects were non-smokers [ 9 ]. The present retrospective cohort study is part of the Motion Analysis of the heart and Great vessels bY three-dimensionAl speckle-tRacking echocardiography in Healthy subjects (MAGYAR-Healthy) Study, which has been organized at the University of Szeged partly for the purpose of examining physiologic correlations (‘Magyar’ means ‘Hungarian’ in the Hungarian language).…”

Динаміка Морфофункціонального Стану Міокарда У Кардіореабілітаційних Пацієнтів Після Перенесеного Гострого Коронарного Синдрому В Залежності Від Статусу Курця

“…Ретроспективне дослідження, проведене Yusuke Watanabe at al. [10], встановило, що висока експозиція тютюном (≥20 пачко-років) мала прямий кореляційний зв'язок зі зниженою бівентрикулярною систолічною функцією серця, незалежно від функції дихання. Ці висновки підтверджують, що куріння може призвести до розвитку міокардіального ремоделювання, значної серцевої дисфункції та серцевої недостатності внаслідок прямого безперервного дозозалежного впливу сигаретного диму [10].…”