Influence of clear-cutting on the risk of wind damage at forest edges

Zeng, Hong; Peltola, Heli; Talkkari, Ari; Venäläinen, Ari; Strandman, Harri; Kellomäki, Seppo; Wang, Kaiyun

doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2004.07.057

Cited by 72 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…its size and perimeter), as well as the presence of old stands, on the risk of wind damage at downwind stand edges of open areas (e.g. Blennow and Sallnäs 2004;Elling and Verry, 1978;Lanquaye-Opoku and Mitchell 2005;Neustein, 1965;Stacey et al, 1994;Venäläinen et al, 2004;Zeng et al, 2004;2006.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This was done because in Finnish conditions older stands have been found to be most vulnerable to be damaged by wind, especially if they are located at newly created forest edges (Peltola et al, 1999;Zeng et al, 2004). For this purpose, we used the equal age class distribution as a reference, and changed the proportion of mature stands by ±15% (i.e.…”

Section: Landscape Constructionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The effects of forest structure on the risk of wind damage at a landscape level in a boreal forest ecosystem

et al. 2010

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Keywords:critical wind speed / forest edges / mechanistic model / Monte Carlo simulation / risk of wind damage Abstract • The aim of this work was to analyze how the forest structure affects the risk of wind damage at the landscape level in a boreal forest.• This was done by employing: (i) Monte Carlo simulation technique for generating landscapes with different age class distributions, proportions of open areas (gaps), and tree species composition; and (ii) a mechanistic wind damage model, HWIND, for predicting the critical wind speeds at downwind stand edges of open areas (gaps) for risk consideration. The level of risk of wind damage observed at the landscape level was significantly affected by the presence of gaps and old stands. Even a slight increase in the proportion of gap areas or older stands had a significant impact on the total length of edges at risk. As a comparison, variation in species composition (Scots pine and/or Norway spruce) had much smaller impact on the risk of damage.• In conclusion, the effects of forest structure on the risk of wind damage should especially be considered by forest managers in day-to-day forest planning in order to reduce the risk of wind damage both at the stand and landscape level. Mots-clés :vitesse critique du vent / lisières forestières / modèle mécaniste / simulation de Monte Carlo / risque de dommages causés par le vent Résumé -Les effets de la structure de la forêt sur le risque de dommages causés par le vent au niveau du paysage dans un écosystème forestier boréal.• L'objectif de ce travail était d'analyser comment la structure forestière affecte le risque de dommages causés par le vent à l'échelle du paysage dans une forêt boréale.• C'est objectif a été atteint par l'emploi : (i) de la technique de simulation de Monte Carlo pour générer des paysages de différentes distributions de classe d'âge, de proportions des zones ouvertes (trouées), et de composition des espèces d'arbres ; et (ii) d'un modèle mécaniste de dommages causés par le vent, HWIND, pour la prédiction des vitesses de vent critiques au niveau des lisières sous le vent des zones ouvertes (trouées) en relation avec les risques. Le niveau de risque de dommages causés par le vent observé à l'échelle du paysage a été significativement affecté par la présence de trouées et de vieux peuplements. Une augmentation même légère dans la proportion de trouées ou de vieux peuplements a eu un impact significatif sur la longueur totale des lisières à risque. À titre de comparaison, la variation dans la composition des espèces (pin sylvestre et/ou épicéa) a eu beaucoup moins d'impact sur le risque de dommages.• En conclusion, les effets de la structure de la forêt sur le risque de dommages causés par le vent devraient être examinées en particulier par les gestionnaires forestiers pour une planification des opé-rations forestière au jour le jour, afin de réduire le risque de dommages causés par le vent à la fois au niveau du peuplement et au niveau du paysage.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Landscape Constructionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of forest structure on the risk of wind damage at a landscape level in a boreal forest ecosystem

et al. 2010

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“…Sheltered trees tend to form compression wood all around the stem in the shape of circular crowns within the juvenile wood (Timell 1986), as observed in felled trees (Dinulica 2008). In addition, thinning exposes stand edges to high wind speeds (Zeng et al 2004), thus affecting the subsequent existence of survivors (Zielonka & Malcher 2009). Indeed, the sap flow performance of survivors is reduced due to the narrowing of the hydroactive section (Ueda & Shibata 2004).…”

Section: Anthropogenic Interferencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wind contribution to yearly silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) compression wood development in the Romanian Carpathians

Dinulică¹,

Marcu²,

Borz³

et al. 2016

iForest

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Since the 1950s, wind has represented one of the main disturbances to forest ecosystems in Europe, causing an increase in the frequency and amount of trees uprooted or broken by wind. Such phenomenon has also increased the incidence of compression wood in the xylem of remnant trees, thus leading to a general decrease in timber quality. In this study, we aimed to determine how wind regime affects the incidence of compression wood by reconstructing its chronology at both inter-and intra-annual scale using dendroclimatic methods. Six silver fir stands at different elevations were selected in central Romania, and compression wood time series were obtained from both increment cores from standing trees and radial discs from felled trees. Wood-structure variables were statistically analyzed as time series, while fluctuations of wind frequency and speed over the period 1921-present were reconstructed based on meteorological data. The structural response of sampled trees to wind was assessed based on the annual fluctuation in the frequency and intensity of compression wood. Results showed that the incidence of compression wood in the time series was synchronized with the intensity of the wind, rather than its duration. Wind regime in December of the preceding calendar year was significantly correlated with the frequency of compression wood, whereas its intensity was significantly correlated with wind load of previous September. The response of cambium to the wind stimulus increased with distance from the tree collar, peaking in the section at the base of the crown. At a decennial scale, only high-intensity wind stress triggered structural responses in the studied trees. Wind effects on xylogenesis in the analyzed stands increased over the last decades as a consequence of the local forest management. A better understanding of the structural response of forest trees to wind regime may explain how individual and groups of trees compete for stability and can help to improve forest management strategies in windy regions.

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“…1a) within and between forest stands, due to management, and site-specific conditions (Persson, 1975;Peltola et al, 1999a,b;Venäläinen et al, 2004;Zeng et al, 2004). In this study we have described the forest damage in relation to its exposure in the landscape, by using aspect and slope, together with forest cover.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…However, there are several factors influencing the susceptibility of a single tree to rupture or uprooting by wind force. Forest management is a key factor, as synthesized by Persson (1975), Peltola et al (1999a), Venäläinen et al (2004) and Zeng et al (2004) amongst others, in that it regulates the chosen tree species, tree height and stand density by management practices such as plantation, thinning and clearing. The management practices, in turn affect the root depth and width, determining the anchorage of the trees, together with the general wind stress in the stand (Coutts et al, 1999;Peltola et al, 1999b;Danjon et al, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relating forest damage data to the wind field from high-resolution RCM simulations: Case study of Anatol striking Sweden in December 1999

Nilsson

Goyette

Bärring

2007

Global and Planetary Change

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Forestry is of major economical importance in Europe, and recent devastating windstorms have pinpointed the vulnerability of this economic sector to windstorms. Forest damage is an important economic issue at a country level and may become even of larger concern under future conditions following global warming. An underlying question is to what extent the storm damage is due to changes in the wind climate compared to the effect of changes in forest management practices? In this paper, the first part of this rather complex problem is tackled.By using the Canadian Regional Climate Model, CRCM, including a physically based gust parameterisation scheme, NCEP-NCAR reanalysis wind fields for the windstorm Anatol, on December 3-4, 1999, were downscaled, into a nested set-up, to 2 km resolution. The aim is to relate the simulated storm wind field to the observed distribution of storm damaged forests in Scania in southern Sweden, as a first methodological step towards analysing the effect of future windstorms in Swedish forests at the highest spatial resolution one can afford nowadays.Our results show that the CRCM produced realistic wind field simulations, compared to station observations, of the windstorm event in 1999. The simulated winds were underestimated at the coasts, but in congruence with inland observations. Most of the damaged forest stands were located on south-westerly (SW) slopes, which indicated a south-westerly wind during the wind throw process. This SW wind direction was evident in the early phase of the simulated storm, but then changed into a westerly flow, at an earlier stage than the true observations specified. Further, most damage occurred in the areas of simulated maximum wind speed greater than 30 m s − 1 .To conclude, the CRCM has proven to be a useful tool to realistically simulate a forest damaging storm event. Hence, the model could be used for further study cases, preferably driven by a GCM, in order to reveal a greater understanding about recent storms, which in turn helps us evaluate future climate change driven storm conditions.

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Influence of clear-cutting on the risk of wind damage at forest edges

Cited by 72 publications

References 28 publications

The effects of forest structure on the risk of wind damage at a landscape level in a boreal forest ecosystem

The effects of forest structure on the risk of wind damage at a landscape level in a boreal forest ecosystem

Wind contribution to yearly silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) compression wood development in the Romanian Carpathians

Relating forest damage data to the wind field from high-resolution RCM simulations: Case study of Anatol striking Sweden in December 1999

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