Influence of climatic conditions on antiperspirant efficacy determined at different test areas

Abstract

These strongly varying values of sweat reduction in the axilla under summer and winter conditions make comparisons between antiperspirant products difficult and a statement about correlation between the two test sites back and axilla impossible. A standardization of the application phase, comparable to the simulated summer conditions described here, could be a solution to reduce the high variation of results in the axilla. Consequently, testing on the back is not only a more cost-effective method to investigate the antiperspirant efficacy of more than one formulation, but a reproducible method more independent of climatic influences during test implementation than the axilla test method. It could, therefore, be regarded as the method of choice for discriminating antiperspirant efficacy between several products during development of new antiperspirant formulations.

Glycopyrronium tosylate in pediatric primary axillary hyperhidrosis: Post hoc analysis of efficacy and safety findings by age from two phase three randomized controlled trials

“…Although large variability was observed with sweat measurements, it is important to note that the episodic nature of sweating can complicate interpretation of gravimetrically measured sweat production . Despite this, both groups showed substantially reduced sweat production, and a greater proportion of GT‐ vs vehicle‐treated patients were ASDD/ASDD‐C Item 2 and HDSS responders, indicating that sweating severity decreased by Week 4.…”

“…Although large variability was observed with sweat measurements, it is important to note that the episodic nature of sweating can complicate interpretation of gravimetrically measured sweat production. 18 GT towelette contains the following excipients: citric acid, dehydrated alcohol, purified water, and sodium citrate. 22 Identical excipients were included in the vehicle comparator of the ATMOS trials to account for any potential effect due to a compound other than active drug.…”

Flow Injection Analysis of Aluminum Chlorohydrate in Antiperspirant Deodorants Using a Built‐in Three‐in‐one Screen‐Printed Silver Electrode

“…[16,17]. After drying, an insulating layer was finally printed over the SPE leaving the working area of 0.0707 cm 2 . The instrumentation details of the flow injection analysis coupled with the screen-printed electrode is given elsewhere [18].…”

“…25 % are achieved with standard ACH grades. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has been approved testing methods such as efficacy testing of the aluminum containing antiperspirants in sweat reduction and further, effects on the skin after application under various conditions is mandatory for the US market [2]. The precise detection of aluminum in the ACH has become a very important issue in recent times, because exposure of the metal to human threatens the health with diseases such as Alzheimer disease and Parkinson disease [3][4][5].…”

Antiperspirants and Deodorants

“…The number of subjects required exceeds the one applied in other protocols. In addition, seasonal variations in the antiperspirants' effect of the same formulations tested on the axillary vault was shown while no such difference was observed in the simultaneous conduction of the test on the back of the panelists [3].…”