Influence of compatible solutes on soluble enzymes from desiccation-tolerant Sporobolus stapfianus and desiccation-sensitive Sporobolus pyramidalis

Schwab, Karin; Gaff, D. F.

doi:10.1016/s0176-1617(11)80083-0

Cited by 41 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Because little trehalose was found in these transgenics, these authors propose that trehalose must prevent cell damage rather than alter osmotic potential. The third major line of evidence stems from in vitro studies showing that these molecules either reduce the loss of enzyme activity or preserve membrane structure during desiccation or in saline solutions (Pollard and Wyn Jones, 1979;Crowe et al, 1984a;Schwab and Gaff, 1990;Mamedov et al, 1991;Colaco et al, 1992). The concentrations of these exogenously added compounds needed to obtain a significant degree of protection are often quite high (200-500 mM Pro; Pollard and Wyn Jones, 1979;Crowe et al, 1984b;Schwab and Gaff, 1990) compared with what some plants produce.…”

Section: B Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The third major line of evidence stems from in vitro studies showing that these molecules either reduce the loss of enzyme activity or preserve membrane structure during desiccation or in saline solutions (Pollard and Wyn Jones, 1979;Crowe et al, 1984a;Schwab and Gaff, 1990;Mamedov et al, 1991;Colaco et al, 1992). The concentrations of these exogenously added compounds needed to obtain a significant degree of protection are often quite high (200-500 mM Pro; Pollard and Wyn Jones, 1979;Crowe et al, 1984b;Schwab and Gaff, 1990) compared with what some plants produce. NaCl-stressed rice, for example, has been reported to accumulate 8 to 12 jumol Pro g" 1 dry weight (Mali and Mehta, 1977), which might not produce the necessary molarity in the cell unless it is concentrated in a specific compartment.…”

Section: B Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is generally assumed that Pro, polyols, and sugars serve as physiologically compatible solutes that increase as needed to maintain a favorable osmotic potential between the cell and its surroundings (Pollard and Wyn Jones, 1979). There is additional evidence that high concentrations of these substances stabilize some macromolecules or molecular assemblies, thus decreasing the loss of either enzyme activity or membrane integrity that occurs when water is limiting (Schwab and Gaff, 1990;Génard et al, 1991). Each of the structurally distinct osmoprotectants could, based on its size, shape, and charge, be expected to benefit different osmotically sensitive classes of molecules or structures within the cell.…”

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Effects of Osmoprotectants upon NaCl Stress in Rice

et al. 1997

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Plants accumulate a number of osmoprotective substances in response to NaCl stress, one of them being proline (Pro). While characterizing some of the changes in solute accumulation in NaCIstressed rice (Oryza sativa L.), we identified several other potential osmoprotectants. One such substance, trehalose, begins to accumulate in small amounts in roots after 3 d. We performed a series of experiments to compare the effects of Pro and trehalose on ion accumulation to determine whether the two chemicals protect the same physiological processes. We found that Pro either has no effect or, in some cases, exasperates the effect of NaCl on growth inhibition, chlorophyll loss, and induction of a highly sensitive marker for plant stress, the osmotically regulated sa/T gene. By contrast, low to moderate concentrations of trehalose reduce Na+ accumulation, sal" expression, and growth inhibition. Somewhat higher concentrations (10 mM) prevent NaCI-induced loss of chlorophyll in blades, preserve root integrity, and enhance growth. The results of this study indicate that during osmotic stress trehalose or carbohydrates might be more important for rice than Pro.

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Section: B Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: B Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of Osmoprotectants upon NaCl Stress in Rice

et al. 1997

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“…Proline and quaternary ammonium compounds are key osmolytes, which help plants to maintain the cell turgor (Weinberg et al 1982, Huang et al 2000. Moreover, there is an additional evidence that these compatible solutes are accumulated in plants at high concentrations to help in alleviating inactivation of the enzymes or loss in membrane integrity due to a water deficiency (Schwab and Gaff 1990). Sucrose, as a member of the sugar family, is thought to function as a typical osmoprotectant, stabilising cellular membranes and maintaining turgor (Mundree et al 2002).…”

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confidence: 99%

Effect of osmotic stress on compatible solutes content, membrane stability and water relationsin two maize cultivars

Valentovič¹,

Luxová²,

Kolarovič³

et al. 2006

Plant Soil Environ.

249

116

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The effect of osmotic stress on oxidative injury, compatible solutes content and water relations was investigated in two maize cultivars (Zea mays L. cv. Ankora -drought-sensitive and cv. Nova -drought-tolerant). Relative water content in leaves of both cultivars decreased after drought treatment, leaf water loss of sensitive cv. Ankora was higher than that of cv. Nova. The 24 h water stress induced by 0.3M sorbitol (-1.4 MPa) resulted in a damage of cell membranes. Lipid peroxidation rose in all studied organs of cv. Ankora and electrolyte leakage in roots of cv. Ankora was much higher than in cv. Nova. Similarly, proline content increased significantly in all studied organs of cv. Ankora. Content of soluble sugars increased in all studied organs of both cultivars, but the mesocotyl of cv. Nova accumulated the highest amount of sugars. The electrolyte leakage was the highest in the roots of both cultivars. Osmotic stress had deep influence predominantly on the roots of both cultivars. It is apparent that stress impact on the drought-sensitive cv. Ankora was deeper than on the drought-tolerant cv. Nova.

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“…It is thought that the hydroxyl constituents of sugars may replace the hydration shell around membranes and thus prevent structural damage as water is removed (10,11). In addition, sucrose has been shown to protect soluble enzymes from salt-induced damage in vitro (32). The presence of a larger oligosaccharide along with sucrose may enhance protection still further by favoring vitrification rather than crystallization (6,9,17,33,35).…”

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Maturation Proteins and Sugars in Desiccation Tolerance of Developing Soybean Seeds

Sa¹,

Rl²,

Ac³

1992

Plant Physiol.

319

198

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The desiccation-tolerant state in seeds is associated with high levels of certain sugars and maturation proteins. The aim of this work was to evaluate the contributions of these components to desiccation tolerance in soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merrill cv Chippewa 64). When axes of immature seeds (34 d after flowering) were excised and gradually dried (6 d), desiccation tolerance was induced. By contrast, seeds held at high relative humidity for the same period were destroyed by desiccation. Maturation proteins rapidly accumulated in the axes whether the seeds were slowly dried or maintained at high relative humidity. During slow drying, sucrose content increased to five times the level present in the axes of seeds held at high relative humidity (128 versus 25 pg/axis, respectively). Stachyose content increased dramatically from barely detectable levels upon excision to 483 pg/axis during slow drying but did not increase significantly when seeds were incubated at high relative humidity. Galactinol was the only saccharide that accumulated to higher levels in axes from seeds incubated at high relative humidity relative to axes from seeds that were slowly dried. This suggests that slow drying serves to induce the accumulation of the raffinose series sugars at a point after galactinol biosynthesis. We conclude that stachyose plays an important role in conferring desiccation tolerance.The remarkable mechanism that allows most mature angiosperm seeds to survive desiccation to extremely low water contents is poorly understood. Among the protective components that have been proposed to be important in the acquisition of desiccation tolerance during seed development are proteins and soluble sugars. The group of proteins known as Late Embryogenesis Accumulating, or Lea (13), proteins include some that accumulate during the maturation drying phase of seed development. Some of these maturation proteins have been correlated with the ability of the seed to progress into seedling growth (29), whereas others have been correlated with desiccation tolerance (2, 4). However, some additional process is apparently necessary for the development of desiccation tolerance. We have shown that maturation protein accumulation alone is not sufficient to confer desiccation tolerance in developing soybean (4 characteristic of mature orthodox seeds (1). They have been implicated by correlation as adaptive agents for desiccation tolerance during seed development and germination (9,18,19). In particular, cultivars of soybean (Glycine max) accumulate high levels of the raffinose series of oligosaccharides, particularly stachyose, in addition to sucrose (12,18,21,31). Evidence for the protective role of soluble sugars has also been inferred from model systems (7, 11). The soluble sugar, trehalose, protects cytosolic components in yeast against desiccation-, frost-, and heat-induced damage in vivo (34). It is thought that the hydroxyl constituents of sugars may replace the hydration shell around membranes and thus prevent structural damage a...

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Influence of compatible solutes on soluble enzymes from desiccation-tolerant Sporobolus stapfianus and desiccation-sensitive Sporobolus pyramidalis

Cited by 41 publications

References 32 publications

Effects of Osmoprotectants upon NaCl Stress in Rice

Effects of Osmoprotectants upon NaCl Stress in Rice

Effect of osmotic stress on compatible solutes content, membrane stability and water relationsin two maize cultivars

Maturation Proteins and Sugars in Desiccation Tolerance of Developing Soybean Seeds

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