Influence of concentrate level with or without N- carbamylglutamate on rumen bacteria and fermentation characteristics of Shami goats

Abstract

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of three levels of concentrate 2%, 3%, 4% with or without N-carbamylglutamate (NCG) on rumen bacteria and fermentation characteristics in Shami goats. Twenty-four male goats aged 8-10 months with initial weight 32,685 ± 1.52kg divided into six treatments in a 2×3 factorial experiment/ Completely Randomized Design. Individual feeding was used for 70 days. Rumen fluid was sampled at 0, 3, 6h after feeding while jugular blood was sampled after 70 days before morning feeding. Results showed decreasing (P<0.01) of rumen pH and increasing volatile fatty acids (P<0.01) after 3h and 6h of feeding for 3% level of concentrate with NCG. Rumen ammonia increased (P<0.01) after 3h of feeding with NCG. Total rumen bacteria increased insignificantly with superiority 3% level of feeding without NCG and 4% concentrate with NCG. A linear decrease (P<0.01) of blood urea with increasing feeding level with NCG and GPT decreased (P<0.05) with 3% concentrate. In conclusion, it is preferred to feed 3% concentrate and use NCG as additive with urea.

Influence of Feeding Corn Impurities on Rumen Bacteria and Fermentation Characteristics of Sheep

“…In ruminants, we can use urea with feeds directly 1-2%, or treated roughages to prepare 3.3% nitrogen (13) or treated grains (25). Adding urea directly requires great attention aimed to eliminate its negative aspects by providing 1-2%, gradually feeding, well mixing feed, frequency of feeding, giving compounds such as N-Carbamylglutamate ( NCG) 0.4 -0.6% as additives, providing clean water, avoid hot weather, having cement floors for the barn with good drainage, in the rumen, In ruminants, urea is commonly used in feeds to reduce costs (5), but it may cause problems for the fetus, because of urea hydrolysis rapidly to NH3-N by rumen microorganism's enzymes within 2h (15) and it is widely used as nonprotein nitrogen (NPN) to provide ammonia that required for rumen microbial growth as true protein for the host animal or ruminants (4,13). The high cost of feed ingrediants need to substitute with cheap sources or by-product.…”

Impacts of Concentrate Feeding Level With or Without N-Carbamylglutamate on Productive Performance of Goats

“…The NCG is used with urea to decrease the stress of urea on ruminants (25). Urea is a cheap source of nitrogen, fast rumen degraded to ammonia, and is widely used in ruminant feeding, with preferably to treated the by-products with urea for positive increase rumen bacterial and fermentation characteristics (5) to reduce the dependence on protein concentrates (26) and improve the nutritional value of roughages (8), with attention to rapid hydrolysis to NH3-N by rumen microorganism's enzymes within 2h (19) and must be synchronized with rapid hydrolysis VFA's. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the use of N-carbamylglutamate (NCG) with different levels of concentrate, 2%, 3%, and 4% as a dry matter of live body weight on digestibility and productive performance of Shami goats.…”