Influence of Core Aerification, Topdressing, and Nitrogen on Mat, Roots, and Quality of ‘Meyer’ Zoysiagrass

Dunn, J. H.; Minner, David D.; Fresenburg, Brad F.; Bughrara, Suleiman S.; Hohnstrater, Chris H.

doi:10.2134/agronj1995.00021962008700050019x

Cited by 23 publications

(30 citation statements)

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“…Zoysiagrass showed greater potential for increased NO 3 -N leaching when turfgrass was damaged from disease and cover was lacking. However, as demonstrated in previous research (Dunn et al, 1995;Trenholm and Unruh, 2009), as well as the current research, zoysiagrass requirements for N are less than those of St. Augustinegrass. Acceptable TQ scores were maintained at ≤196 kg N ha −1 annually, at which rates of potential NO 3 -N losses were reduced.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Nitrate Leaching and Turf Quality in Established ‘Floratam’ St. Augustinegrass and ‘Empire’ Zoysiagrass

Trenholm

Unruh

Sartain³

2012

J. Environ. Qual.

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The objectives of this research were to evaluate nitrate N (NO³-N) leaching and turf response to nitrogen rate (NR) and irrigation regime (IR) in 'Floratam' St. Augustinegrass ( [Walt.] Kuntze.) and 'Empire' zoysiagrass ( Steud). The research was conducted in Citra, FL, from 2005 through 2007. Nitrogen (N) was applied at annual rates of 32, 64, 128, and 196 kg ha⁻¹ in 2005, and at 49, 196, 343, or 490 kg ha⁻¹ in 2006 and 2007. Irrigation treatments consisted of 1.3 cm applied twice weekly or 2.6 cm applied once weekly. In general, NO₃-N leaching was greater from zoysiagrass. In 2007, annual NO₃-N leached varied due to the interaction of NR, IR, and grass. There was little association between NR and increased NO₃-N leaching in St. Augustinegrass in any year. While St. Augustinegrass had no differences in NO₃-N leached within NR due to IR, there were some differences in NO₃-N leached from zoysiagrass at some N levels, with greater NO₃-N leached from the more frequent irrigation regime. Turf quality (TQ) was generally above an acceptable level in St. Augustinegrass at all but the lowest NRs and at all NRs in zoysiagrass with the exception of the spring fertilizer cycle (SFC) in 2007, when high NR treatments resulted in disease. Maintenance of a healthy turfgrass cover is an important strategy for reducing potential nutrient movement from fertilizer application. The current recommended rates for St. Augustinegrass provide good turf cover and health, and result in minimal NO₃-N leaching. Zoysiagrass N rates may need to be revised downward to reduce disease, improve turf cover, and reduce NO₃-N leaching.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Nitrate Leaching and Turf Quality in Established ‘Floratam’ St. Augustinegrass and ‘Empire’ Zoysiagrass

Trenholm

Unruh

Sartain³

2012

J. Environ. Qual.

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“…Managed turf is found in both private and public settings; as residential, commercial, and public lawns; on golf courses and athletic fields; as sod farms; and in parks and cemeteries. Golf courses and recreational fields are subject to foot and vehicle traffic that cause soil compaction and turf wear; reducing water infiltration and increasing turf stress [23,24]. Golf course fairways and putting greens are often managed with core cultivation during the spring or fall to alleviate surface compaction, enhance water infiltration, control thatch and stimulate root and shoot growth [23,[25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32].…”

Section: Kg Hamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Golf courses and recreational fields are subject to foot and vehicle traffic that cause soil compaction and turf wear; reducing water infiltration and increasing turf stress [23,24]. Golf course fairways and putting greens are often managed with core cultivation during the spring or fall to alleviate surface compaction, enhance water infiltration, control thatch and stimulate root and shoot growth [23,[25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32]. Solid tine (ST) core cultivation requires a reduced amount of labor and is less disruptive to the surface of the turf, but is believed to cause localized compaction [33].…”

Section: Kg Hamentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutrient loss with runoff from fairway turf: An evaluation of core cultivation practices and their environmental impact

Rice

Horgan

2011

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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The presence of excess nutrients in surface waters can result in undesirable environmental and economic consequences, including nuisance algal blooms and eutrophication. Fertilizer use in highly managed turf systems has raised questions concerning the contribution of nutrients to surrounding surface waters. Experiments were designed to quantify phosphorus and nitrogen transport with runoff from turf plots maintained as a golf course fairway to identify which cultural practice, solid tine (ST) or hollow tine (HT) core cultivation, maximized phosphorus and nitrogen retention at the site of fertilizer application. Simulated precipitation and collection of resulting runoff were completed 26 ± 13 h following granular fertilizer application (18-3-18: N-P₂O₅-K₂O) and 63 d and 2 d following core cultivation. Runoff volumes were reduced in fairway turf plots aerated with HT relative to ST (63 d: 10%, 2 d: 55% reduction). Analysis of the runoff revealed a reduction in soluble phosphorus, ammonium nitrogen, and nitrate nitrogen losses with runoff from plots managed with HT; a 5 to 27% reduction after 63 d; and a 39 to 77% reduction at 2 d. Golf course runoff-to-surface water scenarios were used to calculate estimated environmental concentrations (EECs) of nitrogen and phosphorus in surface water receiving runoff from turf managed with ST or HT core cultivation. Surface water concentrations of phosphorus remained above the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's water quality criteria to limit eutrophication, with the exception of concentrations associated with HT core cultivation at 2 d. Regardless of management practice (ST or HT) and time between core cultivation and runoff (63 d or 2 d), all EECs of nitrogen were below levels associated with increased algal growth. Understanding nutrient transport with runoff and identifying strategies that reduce off-site transport will increase their effectiveness at intended sites of application and minimize undesirable effects to surrounding surface water resources.

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“…In a 17‐year‐old mature cv. Meyer stand, root weight declined linearly in response to increasing N ( Dunn et al, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth and root architecture responses of zoysiagrass to changes in fertilizer nitrate : urea ratio

Pompeiano

Patton

2017

J. Plant Nutr. Soil Sci.

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Although zoysiagrass (Zoysia spp.) responds to nitrogen (N) application in the field, especially during the establishment phase, no guidelines are available for the preferred form of N for these species. A greenhouse experiment was performed to see how zoysiagrass responds to nitrate and urea as N sources. Z. japonica cv. El Toro (fast‐growing) and cv. Meyer (slow‐growing) and Z. matrella cv. Zorro (fast‐growing) and cv. Diamond (slow‐growing) were chosen for this study. Plants were clonally propagated as phytomers, established in 21 cm deep cone‐tainers filled with a sand‐based growth medium. The treatment consisted of a modified, half‐strength Hoagland's solution with five different nitrate : urea ratios (100 : 0, 75 : 25, 50 : 50, 25 : 75, 0 : 100). Plant responses were assessed in terms of biomass production (leaf, culm, roots, and total plant dry weight) and rooting characteristics (length, area, diameter, volume, tips, forks, crossings, and root volume ratio) 10 weeks after the initiation of the experiment. The differing sources of N resulted in changes in plant growth and development. The cultivars had different above and below‐ground biomass and root architecture traits. El Toro had the highest total biomass production (2.083 g plant−1 DW), while Meyer and Zorro together averaged 0.734 g plant−1 DW (65% less than El Toro). Diamond was the least productive in terms of leaf, culm, and root biomass (0.278 g plant−1 DW; 87% less than El Toro). Furthermore, above‐ and below‐ground DW production was greatest following treatment with 25 : 75 nitrate:urea, whereas 100% nitrate produced plants with the lowest DW. Zoysiagrass rooting traits were only minimally influenced by N source; as the concentration of urea increased, slight increases in root surface area and volume were observed, accompanied by a decline in the root volume ratio.

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Influence of Core Aerification, Topdressing, and Nitrogen on Mat, Roots, and Quality of ‘Meyer’ Zoysiagrass

Cited by 23 publications

References 4 publications

Nitrate Leaching and Turf Quality in Established ‘Floratam’ St. Augustinegrass and ‘Empire’ Zoysiagrass

Nitrate Leaching and Turf Quality in Established ‘Floratam’ St. Augustinegrass and ‘Empire’ Zoysiagrass

Nutrient loss with runoff from fairway turf: An evaluation of core cultivation practices and their environmental impact

Growth and root architecture responses of zoysiagrass to changes in fertilizer nitrate : urea ratio

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