Influence of cotyledon removal on early seedling growth 
in <i>Quercus robur</i> L.

García-Cebrián, Francisco; Esteso-Martínez, Jordán; Gil‐Pelegrín, Eustaquio

doi:10.1051/forest:2002075

Cited by 59 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 27 publications

(30 reference statements)

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“…In fact, one of these seedlings with a removed acorn managed to survive until the end of this experiment. Similar results have been found by others (García-Cebrian et al, 2003) who showed that seedling survival of Quercus robur was not affected by the removal of cotyledons, although it did have negative consequences for seedling growth (notably stem length and biomass). It appears that cotyledon removal only has dramatic effects when it happens in the first week after emergence.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Limitation de l’installation du chêne vert (Quercus ilex subsp. ballota (Desf.) Samp.) dans un écosystème de savane forestière méditerranéenne

2009

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Abstract• Tree recruitment in Mediterranean savannas is generally hampered, in contrast with the original oak forests where these savannas are derived from. We asked whether this difference in recruitment success can be explained by differential post-dispersal survival. For one year we monitored experimentally cached holm oak acorns in a savanna -forest ecosystem in Central Spain, and recorded cache pilferage, type of pilferer, boar rooting, seedling emergence, seedling survival and the cause of mortality.• Cache pilferage was significantly lower in savanna (8%) than in forest (21%). However, the higher cache survival was more than offset by lower seedling emergence and, particularly, by nine times higher seedling mortality in savanna, mainly due to desiccation. Wild boar rooting did not differ between experimental caches and controls without acorns, indicating that individual cached acorns do not trigger rooting activity.• Our results indicate that the difference in post-dispersal survival between savanna and forest is due to lower emergence and, primarily, higher seedling mortality in savanna, not to higher cache pilferage. Absence of safe sites such as shrubs, abundantly present in the forest, may well explain the lack of recruitment in the savanna. Management measures appear necessary for long-term persistence of Mediterranean savannas in general. Mots-clés :installation des semis / prédation des graines / recrutement des arbres / dehesa Résumé -Limitation de l'installation du chêne vert (Quercus ilex subsp. ballota (Desf.) Samp.) dans un écosystème de savane forestière méditerranéenne.• Le recrutement des arbres dans les savanes méditerranéennes est généralement entravé, ce qui contraste avec les forêts de chênes originelles dont ces savanes sont issues. Nous nous sommes demandé si cette différence dans le succès du recrutement pouvait être expliqué par une différence de survie post-dissémination. Pendant une année, nous avons suivi expérimentalement des glands de chêne vert cachés dans un écosystème de savane forestière en Espagne centrale, et nous avons enregistré les chapardages des caches, les types de chapardage, la fouille des sangliers, l'émergence des semis, la survie des semis et les causes de la mortalité • Le chapardage dans les caches a été significativement plus faible dans la savane (8 %) que dans la forêt (21 %). Toutefois, la survie plus élevée dans les caches été plus que compensée par une baisse de l'émergence des semis et, en particulier, par une mortalité des semis neuf fois plus élevée dans la savane, principalement due à la dessiccation. La fouille des racines par les sangliers n'est pas diffé-rente entre les caches expérimentales et les témoins sans glands, indiquant que les mises en cache des glands ne déclenchent pas activité de fouille des racines.• Nos résultats indiquent que la différence de survie post-dissémination entre la savane et la forêt est due à la baisse d'émergence et en premier lieu, à une mortalité plus élevée des semis dans la savane, et non pas à des chapardages de...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Limitation de l’installation du chêne vert (Quercus ilex subsp. ballota (Desf.) Samp.) dans un écosystème de savane forestière méditerranéenne

2009

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“…At the end of flooding (day 34), reduction in leaf expansion may have altered source-sink relationships leading to a significant decrease in leaf amino acid content. The transfer of resources from cotyledons to growing seedlings seems to be almost complete at a very early stage [18]. In our experiment, under flooding stress, the decrease in biomass and amino acid content of cotyledons was more pronounced in control seedlings than in stressed seedlings.…”

Section: Nitrate Reductionmentioning

confidence: 58%

“…These results indicated that resource transfer from cotyledon to growing organs was disturbed even six weeks ago after shoot emergence. In fact, according to García-Cebrián et al [18], the extent of transfer reaches 80% of the biomass and 73% of the nitrogen content of the cotyledon respectively only 14 days after shoot emergence.…”

Section: Nitrate Reductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of flooding on growth, nitrogen availability in soil, and nitrate reduction of young oak seedlings (Quercus robur L.)

et al. 2005

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-Oak (Quercus robur L.) seedlings were grown in pots under controlled conditions and submitted to 34 days of flooding followed by two-week drainage. Roots were significantly affected with reduced extension and dry weight accumulation. After drainage, biomass production of adventitious roots markedly increased in flooded seedlings. Flooding induced a sharp decrease in NO 3 --N content in the soil especially in the bottom of pots. NH 4 + -N concentrations increased significantly but at less level compared to NO 3 --N decreases. During flooding, root nitrate reductase activity (NRA) was similar to controls while leaf NRA was always below that of controls. The flooded roots maintained amino acid synthesis despite the nitrate depletion in soil. By contrast, leaf amino acid content decreased significantly in flooded seedlings especially at day 34. In flooded seedlings, the transfer of amino acid from cotyledons was disrupted but the transfer capacity was restored after drainage. Relationships between nitrate reduction and changes in soil mineral nitrogen availability are discussed.flooding / mineral nitrogen availability / nitrate reduction / Quercus robur L. Résumé -Influence de l'ennoyage sur la croissance, la biodisponibilité en azote du sol, et sur la réduction des nitrates chez de jeunes semis de chêne pédonculé (Quercus robur L.). Des semis de chêne pédonculé (Quercus robur L.) cultivés en conditions contrôlées ont été soumis à 34 jours d'ennoyage suivi de deux semaines de drainage. La longueur des racines stressées ainsi que leur accumulation de biomasse ont été significativement réduites. Après drainage, la biomasse des racines adventives des semis ennoyés a fortement augmenté. L'ennoyage a induit une forte diminution des teneurs en N-NO 3 -dans le sol, particulièrement dans les 5 cm inférieurs du pot. La concentration en N-NH 4 + a augmenté significativement mais sans compenser la diminution de N-NO 3 -. Pendant l'ennoyage, les activités nitrate réductase racinaires des deux lots étaient similaires alors que dans les feuilles elle était toujours inférieure chez les plants ennoyés. Les racines ennoyées ont maintenu la synthèse d'acides aminés malgré la disparition des nitrates dans le sol. Au contraire, la teneur en acides aminés dans les feuilles avait significativement diminué dans les semis ennoyés en particulier à 34 jours. Dans les semis ennoyés, le transfert des acides aminés depuis les cotylédons était perturbé, cependant après drainage la capacité de transfert était rétablie. Les relations entre la réduction des nitrates et les changements de la biodisponibilité de l'azote minéral du sol sont discutées. ennoyage / azote minéral disponible / réduction des nitrates / Quercus robur L.

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“…The removal of cotyledons 3 weeks after emergence did not influence the mass and height of Quercus robur seedlings (Andersson and Frost 1996). However, significant consequences of cotyledon removal on seedling mass were observed when the cotyledons were removed during the first 2 weeks after emergence (Garcia-Cebrian et al 2003). Our results show that the degree of acorn damage is very important.…”

Section: Biological Aspectsmentioning

confidence: 63%

“…Oak germinates hypogeally; the acorns remain below the ground surface and do not take part in photosynthetic activity, remaining storage organs only. The consequences of cotyledon removal just after emergence of Quercus robur seedlings are very significant for seedling growth (Garcia-Cebrian et al 2003). The growth, maturation and flowering of some dicotyledonous grassland species is also affected by cotyledon damage (Hanley and Fegan 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Consequences of cutting off distal ends of cotyledons of Quercus robur acorns before sowing

Giertych

Suszka

2011

Annals of Forest Science

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& Background Production of seedlings, especially in containers, requires simultaneous germination and emergence. Mechanical scarification often speeds up the growth of embryo axes, increases the percentage of germinating seeds and seedling emergence. Cutting off the distal ends of cotyledons is a mechanical scarification technique sometimes used in the container production of oak seedlings. However the consequences of this procedure for seedling development are little known. We wanted to determine these effects on development and metabolic changes of pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.) seedlings. & Results The majority of seedlings from acorns with cut cotyledons emerged two weeks earlier, more simultaneously and their total emergence (due to rejecting spoiled acorns) was ca. 20% higher. The main result is that the strong damage to cotyledons (more than one fifth of acorn mass) caused a decrease of seedling height and mass even after the second growing season. Negative consequences on seedling root/ shoot ratio or on their metabolism were not observed. & Conclusion We conclude that this method is useful for seedling production in containers when acorn mass is reduced by one fifth.

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Influence of cotyledon removal on early seedling growth in Quercus robur L.

Cited by 59 publications

References 27 publications

Limitation de l’installation du chêne vert (Quercus ilex subsp. ballota (Desf.) Samp.) dans un écosystème de savane forestière méditerranéenne

Limitation de l’installation du chêne vert (Quercus ilex subsp. ballota (Desf.) Samp.) dans un écosystème de savane forestière méditerranéenne

Influence of flooding on growth, nitrogen availability in soil, and nitrate reduction of young oak seedlings (Quercus robur L.)

Consequences of cutting off distal ends of cotyledons of Quercus robur acorns before sowing

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