Influence of cover crops on potential nitrogen availability to succeeding crops in a Southern Piedmont soil

Schomberg, Harry H.; Endale, Dinku M.; Calegari, Ademir; Peixoto, R. T. dos G.; Miyazawa, Mário; Cabrera, M. L.

doi:10.1007/s00374-005-0027-8

Cited by 46 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Earlier sown cover crops tend to have higher N content in the fall than later sown covers (Allison et al 1998). Plant N content in cover crops in the spring was consistent with Schomberg et al (2006). Soil Mineral N At Bothwell in October, all of the cover crop treatments had lower soil mineral N than no-cover in the top 60 cm (Table 4).…”

Section: O'reilly Et Al * N and Corn Profits With Fall Cover Crops 357supporting

confidence: 55%

Nitrogen cycling, profit margins and sweet corn yield under fall cover crop systems

et al. 2012

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, L. L. 2012. Nitrogen cycling, profit margins and sweet corn yield under fall cover crop systems. Can. J. Soil Sci. 92: 353Á365. In order to improve N best management practices in southwestern Ontario vegetable farming, the effect of cover crops on N dynamics in the fall and spring prior to sweet corn planting and during sweet corn season was assessed. The experiment was a split plot design in a fresh green pea Á cover crop Á sweet corn rotation that took place over 2 site-years at Bothwell and Ridgetown in 2006Á2007 and 2007Á2008, respectively. The main plot factor was fall cover crop type with five treatments including oat (Avena sativa L.), cereal rye (Secale cereale L.), oilseed radish (OSR; Raphanus sativus L. var. oleoferus Metzg Stokes), mixture OSR plus cereal rye (OSR&rye) and a no cover crop control. Compared with no cover crop, sweet corn profit margins were higher by $450 ha (1 for oat at Bothwell and $1300 and $760 ha (1 for OSR and OSR&rye, respectively, at Ridgetown. By comparing plant available N over the cover crop season, the cover crops tested were more effective at preventing N loss at Bothwell than at Ridgetown likely due to higher precipitation and sandier soil at Bothwell. Despite differences in site characteristics, cover crops did not result in increased plant available N compared with no-cover during the sweet corn season at either site, indicating that these cover crops will not provide an N credit to the following crop and growers should not modify N fertilizer applications based on cover crops. n te´moin, soit l'absence de culture-abri. Comparativement au traitement te´moin, la marge de profit du maı¨s sucre´a augmente´de 450 $ par hectare avec l'avoine, a`Bothwell, ainsi que de 1 300 $ et de 760 $ par hectare avec le radis et le me´lange radis/seigle, respectivement, a`Ridgetown. Quand on compare la quantite´de N a`la disposition des plantes durant la croissance de la culture-abri, on constate que les cultures teste´es pre´viennent mieux les pertes de N a`Bothwell qu'aR idgetown, sans doute a`cause de pre´cipitations plus abondantes et d'un sol plus sablonneux. En de´pit des diffe´rences observe´es au niveau des particularite´s du site, la culture-abri n'a accru la quantite´de N disponible pour les plantes a`aucun des deux endroits pendant la saison de croissance du maı¨s sucre´, comparativement au traitement te´moin, signe que les cultures teste´es n'ajoutent pas du N au sol pour la culture subse´quente et que les cultivateurs ne devraient pas modifier leurs applications d'engrais N en fonction de la culture-abri.Mots clé s: É conomique, culture de´robe´e, perte de nitrates, avoine, seigle, radis, bilan azoteẂ ith over 30 000 ha of land in production, sweet corn is the most widespread field-grown vegetable crop in Canada. With approximately 50% of the national acreage, Ontario is the largest sweet corn producing province with a farm value of $25.5 million in 2007 (Mailvaganam 2008). With such a large acreage, it is important that sweet corn production not only optimizes returns b...

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Section: O'reilly Et Al * N and Corn Profits With Fall Cover Crops 357supporting

confidence: 55%

Nitrogen cycling, profit margins and sweet corn yield under fall cover crop systems

et al. 2012

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“…Other researchers obtained a significant increase in soil nutrients after cover crops. Cereal cover crops cannot biologically fix nitrogen, but can capture nitrogen from the soil profile and minimize leaching (McCracken et al, 1994;Schomberg et al, 2005). The lack of nutrient benefits to the subsequent maize, in this study, could be due to prolonged length of period between cover crop termination and soil sampling.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…This can help in nutrient cycling, making the inorganic nitrogen available to the subsequent crop. However, Schomberg et al (2005) found that the amount of nitrogen fixed or retained by cover crops is not always related to the biomass produced. In their study, even though rye produced 40 to 60% more biomass than black oats, crimson clover and oilseed radish it had the least amount of nitrogen.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Biomass Accumulation and Weed Suppression by Winter Cereal Cover Crops in Maize-based Cropping Systems in the Eastern Cape, South Africa

Bothwell¹,

Chiduza

Muchaonyerwa

2015

IJAB

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To cite this paper: Musunda, B.Z., C. Chiduza and P. Muchaonyerwa, 2015. Biomass accumulation and weed suppression by winter cereal cover crops in maize-based cropping systems in the Eastern Cape, South Africa. . Cover crop treatments consistently had lower weed dry weight (p<0.01) during cover crop phase and in subsequent maize compared to the weedy fallow. Italian ryegrass had the lowest weed dry weight but was similar to white oat and triticale in control of weeds. There were no significant differences in total soil nitrogen and phosphorus amongst the cover crop treatments and with the weedy fallow but significant difference (p<0.05) in maize yield was observed between the cover crop treatments and the weedy fallow. White oats produced the highest maize grain yield (6369 kg ha -1 ), which was 33% more than the weedy fallow plot having the least maize grain yield of 4784 kg ha -1 . It was concluded that it may be feasible to increase cover crop biomass yield in conservation agriculture systems in the Eastern Cape through the selection of white oat and triticale as cover crops.

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“…In this sense, Lehrsch and Gallian [64] relate the increase in the yield and quality of sugar beet, after fall-incorporated radish biomass, to soil physical and hydraulic properties improvement. In this regard, Schomberg et al [76] report that oilseed radish grows rapidly in the fall and spring and can scavenge significant quantities of N. Furthermore, as oilseed radish produced a significant amount of biomass in the fall and early spring, it has been suggested that it could be useful in rotations where earlier planting dates are desired and for preventing leaching of residual N [76]. In the same sense, Talgre et al [77] find that among all the Brassicaceae tested, the most effective ones were FR and white mustard which produce the highest biomass and therefore drove more nutrients into the soil.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Fodder Radish (Raphanus sativus L.) Green Manure on Potato Wilt, Growth and Yield Parameters

Khiareddine¹

2016

Adv Crop Sci Tech

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Potato is threatened by several soil-borne fungi causing wilt and root rots. In this study, two fodder radish (Raphanus sativus L.) (FR) cultivars (cvs. Boss and Defender), used as green manure preceding a potato crop, were evaluated for their suppressive effects against wilt incidence and severity, potato growth and yield as compared to animal manure. The essay was carried out in a completely randomised design with three types of organic amendment and two potato cultivars (cvs. Spunta and Royal). Incidence of potato wilting noted 100 days post planting (DPP) was high, exceeding 70%, for all soil amendments tested. The extent of vascular discoloration varied depending on amendments used where cv. Defender behaved as the control while the highest extent was noted on potato plants grown in cv. Boss amended plots. As compared to animal manure, the application of cvs. Boss and Defender had increased by 48.43 and 41.28% the incidence of vascular discoloration on cv. Spunta, respectively, while on cv. Royal, only cv. Defender had reduced this parameter by 16.32%. Fungal isolations performed from roots and stems revealed the involvement of several soil-borne pathogens in the recorded plant wilting. Soil manuring using cvs. Boss and Defender FR resulted in significant increment in average stem number per plant and aerial part fresh weight by 22.79 and 21.32% and by 34.62 and 27.03%, respectively, as compared to animal manure. At 100 DPP, potato root fresh weight increase by 8.7 and 33.49% was noted on cv. Spunta compared to 30.34 and 23.48% recorded on cv. Royal. Potato tuber yield was improved by 38.28 and 10.7% and by 28.44 and 27.62% in cvs. Spunta and Royal, respectively, relative to animal manure. The use of FR as green manure may be implemented in the integrated management of soil-borne diseases for the enhancement of potato yield.

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Influence of cover crops on potential nitrogen availability to succeeding crops in a Southern Piedmont soil

Cited by 46 publications

References 28 publications

Nitrogen cycling, profit margins and sweet corn yield under fall cover crop systems

Nitrogen cycling, profit margins and sweet corn yield under fall cover crop systems

Biomass Accumulation and Weed Suppression by Winter Cereal Cover Crops in Maize-based Cropping Systems in the Eastern Cape, South Africa

Effect of Fodder Radish (Raphanus sativus L.) Green Manure on Potato Wilt, Growth and Yield Parameters

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