Influence of daily 10–85 μg vitamin D supplements during pregnancy and lactation on maternal vitamin D status and mature milk antirachitic activity

Stoutjesdijk, Eline; Schaafsma, Anne; Kema, Ido P.; Molen, Jan van der; Dijck-Brouwer, D.A. Janneke; Muskiet, Frits A. J.

doi:10.1017/s0007114518003598

Cited by 10 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 60 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…An analysis of the studies who specifically looked into the relationship between vitamin D supplementation and vitamin D concentration in breast milk was conducted. A total of 10 trials [ 26 , 27 , 31 , 32 , 35 , 37 , 40 – 43 ] investigated the effect of vitamin D supplementation on breast milk concentration. All studies, except one [ 40 ], concluded that vitamin D supplementation could significantly increase vitamin D concentration in breast milk.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Calcium, zinc, and vitamin D in breast milk: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Rios-Leyvraz

Yao

2023

Int Breastfeed J

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background Global estimates of calcium, zinc and vitamin D content in breastmilk are lacking. The objective of this systematic review was to determine the calcium, zinc, and vitamin D content in breast milk. Methods A systematic search of the online databases Embase, MEDLINE, and CENTRAL was conducted in November 2022 and complemented by searches of the African Journals Online database and the LILACS database, and reference lists. Studies reporting the calcium, zinc and vitamin D content in breast milk of apparently healthy mothers and infants were included. Random effects meta-analyses were conducted. The effect of influencing factors were investigated with sub-group analyses and meta-regressions. Results A total of 154 studies reporting on breast milk calcium were identified, with a mean calcium concentration in breast milk of 261 mg/L (95% CI: 238, 284). Calcium concentration was influenced by maternal health and decreased linearly over the duration of lactation. Calcium concentration at a specific time during lactation could be estimated with the equation: calcium concentration [mg/L] = 282 – 0.2331 ✕ number of days since birth. A total of 242 studies reporting on breast milk zinc were identified, with a mean zinc concentration of 2.57 mg/L (95% CI: 2.50, 2.65). Zinc concentration was influenced by several factors, such as maternal age, gestational age, and maternal diet. Zinc concentration started high in the first weeks post-partum followed by a rapid decrease over the first months. Zinc concentration at a specific time during lactation could be estimated with the equation: zinc concentration [mg/L] = 6 + 0.0005 ✕ days – 2.0266 ✕ log(days). A total of 43 studies reporting on breast milk vitamin D were identified, with a mean total antirachitic activity of breast milk of 58 IU/L (95% CI: 45, 70), which consisted mostly of 25OHD3, and smaller amounts of vitamin D3, 25OHD2 and vitamin D2. Vitamin D concentration showed wide variations between studies and was influenced by vitamin D supplementation, continent and season. Conclusions This review provides global estimates of calcium, zinc and vitamin D content in breast milk, as well as indications on changes over time and depending on influencing factors.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Calcium, zinc, and vitamin D in breast milk: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Rios-Leyvraz

Yao

2023

Int Breastfeed J

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…At 36 weeks, only with doses of 1400 IU/day did 97.5% of women present with an adequate status. No adverse effects or signs of vitamin D toxicity were reported [29].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Vitamin D Deficiency in Mexican Pregnant Women: Is Supplementation with ≤400 IU/day Enough?

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Controversy remains surrounding vitamin D routine supplementation in healthy pregnancy, and the doses are unclear. The aim of this study was to describe maternal vitamin D status throughout pregnancy in a group of Mexican women and evaluate the effect of frequently prescribed doses of vitamin D3 on longitudinal 25-OH-D concentrations, adjusting for obesity, season, and other factors. We conducted a cohort study (Instituto Nacional de Perinatología-INPer) (2017–2020)) of healthy pregnant women without complications. Pregestational overweight/obesity (body mass index ≥ 25), vitamin D3 supplementation (prescribed by physician; 0–250, 250–400, and >400 IU/day), and serum 25-OH-D concentrations (ELISA) were evaluated in each trimester of pregnancy. Vitamin D deficiency or insufficiency was computed (<20 and <30 ng/mL, respectively). We studied 141 adult women; 58.5% had pregestational obesity or overweight. In the first trimester, 45.8% of the women were supplemented with vitamin D3; 51.4% had vitamin D insufficiency and 37.3%, deficiency. In the third trimester, 75.4% of the women were supplemented, and 20% of them still had deficiency. The final general mixed linear model showed that 25-OH-D significantly increased throughout pregnancy (p < 0.001); the highest increase was observed in the third trimester in women with doses >400 IU/day of vitamin D3 (+4 ng/mL, 95% CI: 1.72–8.11 ng/mL). In winter/autumn, 25-OH-D concentrations were also lower (p ≤ 0.05). In this group of pregnant Mexican women, the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency was high. A higher increase in 25-OH-D concentrations during pregnancy was observed when the women were supplemented with >400 IU/day. Common supplementation doses of 250–400 IU/day were insufficient for achieving an adequate maternal vitamin D status.

show abstract

“…Considering that the compliance with daily VD supplementation in the first years of life is variable in different countries, and that rates of withdrawal and adherence change during the first months of life, an increased awareness about the correct posology and doses of VD administration is needed [ 22 , 23 , 24 ]. The main factors affecting VD levels in infants are related to the mother’s serum concentrations during pregnancy and lactation, the length of sun exposure of the child and the total intake assumed by diet or supplementation [ 75 , 76 , 77 ]. While fish, lipids and dairy products are the main sources of VD for humans, breast milk is a limited source of this micronutrient [ 1 , 78 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Different Vitamin D Supplementation Strategies in the First Years of Life: A Systematic Review

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Vitamin D (VD) is an essential micronutrient with multiple functions for human growth, and adequate intake should be guaranteed throughout life. However, VD insufficiency is observed in infants all over the world. Low VD concentration in the breast milk of non-supplemented mothers and low compliance to VD daily supplementation are the main causes of VD insufficiency, especially in the long term. Furthermore, VD supplementation dosages are still debated and differ by country. We conducted a systematic review to compare the most recent evidence on different postnatal VD supplementation strategies, determining whether supplementation given to the mother is as effective as that administered directly to the child, and whether different dosages and administration schedules differ significantly in terms of efficacy and safety. We identified 18 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) addressing the role of infant (n = 961), maternal (n = 652) or combined infant and maternal VD supplementation (n = 260 pairs). In all studies, similar outcomes emerged in terms of efficacy and safety. According to our findings, alternative approaches of VD supplementation may be adopted, especially in cases where the adherence to daily supplementation strategies is poor. This review shows that different dosages and supplementation strategies result in similar VD sufficiency rates. Therefore, international guidelines may be revised in the future to offer multiple and different options of supplementation for specific settings and ages.

show abstract

Influence of daily 10–85 μg vitamin D supplements during pregnancy and lactation on maternal vitamin D status and mature milk antirachitic activity

Cited by 10 publications

References 60 publications

Calcium, zinc, and vitamin D in breast milk: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Calcium, zinc, and vitamin D in breast milk: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Vitamin D Deficiency in Mexican Pregnant Women: Is Supplementation with ≤400 IU/day Enough?

Different Vitamin D Supplementation Strategies in the First Years of Life: A Systematic Review

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About