Influence of Density of Emulsion Explosives on its Velocity of Detonation and Fragmentation of Blasted Muckpile

Abstract

Opencast mining accounts for about 86% of the produced coal in India. Most of the opencast mines in the country use bulk emulsion explosives. The total consumption of explosives in India is around 550,000 tonnes annually. It has been shown that detonation velocities vary with the density of the emulsion explosive. Here we describe experiments that have been conducted to understand the influence of velocity of detonation of emulsion explosives on fragmentation of blasted muckpile over a range of densities. The density of explosives was varied from 0.6 to 1.1 g/cc which resulted in the variation of detonation velocity from 3262 to 4624 m/s.

New approaches for evaluating detonation properties of commercial explosives using a novel continuous velocity probe

“…) Finally, considering equations ( 10) and (11), it is pos sible to calculate the detonation pressure by applying equa tion (15) based on the obtained detonation velocity D e and shock velocity D w/g as well as the densities of the explosive and water. The calculated detonation pressures of ANFO are listed in table 6, which agree well with the results measured from the cylinder test (ρ e = 0.864 g • cm −3 , D e = 3.224 km, p CJ = 3.36 GPa) [48].…”

“…As to the former, the average detonation velocity, benefiting from ionization [9][10][11] and optical characteristics [12,13], is determined as a ratio of the known traveled distance and the corresponding recorded time interval. For the latter, the continuous velocity can be obtained by a continuous reduction of the resistance wire placed in the central axis along the explosive charge under the ionization and high pressure of the detonation wave [14,15]. The methods to determine detonation pressure can be clas sified into a direct methods group and an indirect methods group.…”

Safety considerations of static sensitization emulsification technology for Kings-type emulsion explosives based on quadratic linear programming algorithm

“…The literature [12] analyzed the relationship between the density of emulsion explosives and the explosion rate, and experimentally concluded that the explosion rate is accelerated when the density of emulsion explosives increases, and the safety is controlled by the density of emulsion explosives. The literature [13] found that boron powder significantly increased the risk of thermal explosion of emulsion explosives by laser particle analyzer and electron microscopy and proposed that a microencapsulation technique should be used.…”

Application of a New Cleaner Emulsion‐Explosive Formula: Cu/Al Parallel Plates Explosive Welding

“…However, detonation velocities of traditional emulsion explosives are normally quite high [18][19][20] and hard to adjust [21]. This is because those inert additives used to reduce traditional emulsion explosives' detonation velocity, i. e., the industrial table salts [19] or metal powders [22], are all found disadvantages during their usage.…”