Influence of deoxynivalenol on the D‐glucose transport across the isolated epithelium of different intestinal segments of laying hens

Abstract

SummaryDeoxynivalenol (DON) decreases glucose absorption in the proximal jejunum of laying hens in vitro and this effect is apparently mediated by the inhibition of the sodium d-glucose co-transporter. DON could modulate the sugar transport of other intestinal regions of chickens. For this purpose, we have measured the effects of DON on the Na + d-glucose co-transporter, by addition of DON after and before a glucose addition in the isolated epithelium from chicken duodenum, jejunum, ileum, caecum and colon by using the Ussing chamber technique in the voltage clamp technique. The data showed in all segments of the gut that the addition of d-glucose on the mucosal side produced an increase in the current (Isc) compared with the basal values, the Isc after glucose addition to the small intestine was greater than the Isc of the large intestine compared with the basal values, specially of the jejunum (p < 0.002), indicating that the jejunum is the segment that is the best prepared for Na + -d-glucose co-transport. Further addition of 10 lg DON/ml to the mucosal solution decreased the Isc in all segments and the Isc returned to the basal value, especially in the duodenum and mid jejunum (p < 0.05). In contrast, the addition of 5 mmol d-glucose/l on the mucosal side after incubation of the tissues with DON in all segments had no effect on the Isc (p > 0.05), suggesting that DON previously inhibited the Na + d-glucose co-transport. The blocking effects of DON in duodenum and jejunum were greater than the other regions of the gut. It can be concluded that the small intestine of laying hens has the most relevant role in the carrier mediated glucose transport and the large intestine, having non-significant capacity to transport sugars, appears to offer a minor contribution to glucose transport because the surface area is small. The effect of d-glucose on the Isc was reversed by DON in all segments, especially in the duodenum and jejunum, suggesting that DON entirely inhibited Na + -d-glucose co-transport. This finding indicates that the inhibition of Na + co-transport system in all segments could be an important mode of action for DON toxicity of hens. ZusammenfassungDeoxynivalenol (DON) erniedrigt in vitro die Glukoseabsorption im proximalen Jejunum von Legehennen. Dieser Effekt ist vermutlich durch eine Hemmung des Natrium-d-Glukose-Cotransportsystems bedingt.

Biology of the Gastrointestinal Tract in Poultry

“…The expression of glucose transporters has been reported for the three different regions of the chicken small intestine (Gilbert et al, 2007; Table 1). Uptake of glucose via the sodium D-glucose cotransporter occurs in the small intestine, particularly the jejunum (Awad et al, 2007).…”

From the Gut to the Brain: Journey and Pathophysiological Effects of the Food-Associated Trichothecene Mycotoxin Deoxynivalenol

“…In vitro and in vivo experiments have also shown that DON inhibits the intestinal absorption of nutrients (at least glucose and amino acids) by human [39] and animal IEC [37,102,103,104]. The sodium-glucose dependent transporter (SGLT-1) activity is particularly sensitive to DON inhibition with an IC 50 of 10 µM [39].…”

Impacts of the feed contaminant deoxynivalenol on the intestine of monogastric animals: poultry and swine

“…Thus, it is important to characterize the effect of DON on the gut epithelium. It has been repeatedly reported that DON can alter the intestinal morphology (Awad et al ., , , ; Kolf‐Clauw et al ., ), disrupt the intestinal barrier function (Awad et al ., , ,; Pinton et al ., ; Antonissen et al ., ; Awad and Zentek, ), reduce nutrient absorption (Maresca et al ., ; Awad et al ., , ) and affect the expression of the tight‐junction claudin proteins (Pinton et al ., ; Osselaere et al ., ), and consequently increase the intestinal permeability and reduce the intestinal barrier function (Antonissen et al ., ; Awad and Zentek, ). Furthermore, it was shown that DON increased the expression of local pro‐inflammatory mRNA transcripts of various cytokines such as interleukin (IL)‐8, IL‐1ß, IL‐1α, tumour‐necrosis factor (TNF)‐α in the intestinal porcine epithelial cells (IPEC)‐1, suggesting that DON can induce modulation of the gut‐associated immunity and increase the susceptibility of the enterocytes to inflammation (Cano et al ., 2013).…”

“…This makes the intestinal cells of swine very sensitive to DON. In chickens, however, DON was shown to be biotransformed to DOM‐1 with very small amounts in the plasma (He et al ., ) and the predominant part of DON passes across the chicken intestinal epithelium by passive diffusion, which seems to occur via the paracellular pathway in a dose‐dependent manner as reported from an in vitro experiment (Awad et al ., ). A limited absorption and rapid plasma clearance of DON was reported in poultry (Prelusky et al ., ; Gauvreau, ) and it did not accumulate in the tissues and eggs (Prelusky et al ., ).…”