Influence of Device Geometry on Sensor Characteristics of Planar Organic Electrochemical Transistors

Cicoira, Fabio; Sessolo, Michele; Yaghmazadeh, Omid; DeFranco, John A.; Yang, Sang Yoon; Malliaras, George G.

doi:10.1002/adma.200902329

Cited by 175 publications

(159 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The gate voltage modulates the current flowing in the channel between the source and drain electrodes. 12,13 OECTs have been used as sensors for chemical and biological species, such as hydrogen peroxide, 14 glucose, 15 neurotransmitters, 16 chloride ions, 11 DNA, 17 as well as to establish controlled cell gradients on conducting polymer surfaces, 18 monitor tissue integrity, 19 and record in vivo brain activity. 20 They have been integrated with microfluidic channels for lab-on-a-chip applications, 21 and are also the fundamental unit of other newly emerging devices, such as ion transistors and organic electronic ion pumps.…”

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confidence: 99%

Solvent-induced changes in PEDOT:PSS films for organic electrochemical transistors

et al. 2014

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Organic electrochemical transistors based on the conducting polymer poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) doped with poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) are of interest for several bioelectronic applications. In this letter, we investigate the changes induced by immersion of PEDOT:PSS films, processed by spin coating from different mixtures, in water and other solvents of different polarities. We found that the film thickness decreases upon immersion in polar solvents, while the electrical conductivity remains unchanged. The decrease in film thickness is minimized via the addition of a cross-linking agent to the mixture used for the spin coating of the films.

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Solvent-induced changes in PEDOT:PSS films for organic electrochemical transistors

et al. 2014

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“…One of the most relevant features is the recently proven field-effect enhanced selectivity that allows for chiral differential detection at unprecedented low concentrations (18). OFET sensors can also work in water (19,20) as well as in the subvolt bias regime (20,21). Specificity relies on device structures that either involve enzymatic reactions [with FET electrochemical transduction (22)] or two-layer architectures, including a bioactive film deposited on top of the channel organic semiconductor (18,23,24).…”

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Interfacial electronic effects in functional biolayers integrated into organic field-effect transistors

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Cotrone

Magliulo

et al. 2012

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Biosystems integration into an organic field-effect transistor (OFET) structure is achieved by spin coating phospholipid or protein layers between the gate dielectric and the organic semiconductor. An architecture directly interfacing supported biological layers to the OFET channel is proposed and, strikingly, both the electronic properties and the biointerlayer functionality are fully retained. The platform bench tests involved OFETs integrating phospholipids and bacteriorhodopsin exposed to 1-5% anesthetic doses that reveal drug-induced changes in the lipid membrane. This result challenges the current anesthetic action model relying on the so far provided evidence that doses much higher than clinically relevant ones (2.4%) do not alter lipid bilayers' structure significantly. Furthermore, a streptavidin embedding OFET shows label-free biotin electronic detection at 10 parts-per-trillion concentration level, reaching state-of-the-art fluorescent assay performances. These examples show how the proposed bioelectronic platform, besides resulting in extremely performing biosensors, can open insights into biologically relevant phenomena involving membrane weak interfacial modifications.organic electronics | analytical bioassay | electronic biodetection

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“…The wide stripe was used as the transistor's channel and the narrow one as the gate electrode, as it has been shown that for enzymatic sensing the area of the channel must be larger than that of the gate electrode. 27 A monolayer of 25 (tridecafluoro-1,1,2,2-tetrahydrooctyl) trichlorosilane (FOTS) was patterned on the surface of the device leaving uncovered only a small area of the channel and of the gate electrode. These areas of PEDOT:PSS which were left uncovered by FOTS served as hydrophilic "virtual wells" 28 and were shown 30 to be effective in confining the RTIL (and the glucose solution, when it was added) over the centre of the device.…”

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Electrochemical transistors with ionic liquids for enzymatic sensing

et al. 2010

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We report an enzymatic sensor based on an organic electrochemical transistor that uses a room temperature ionic liquid as an integral part of its structure and as an immobilization medium for the enzyme and the mediator. 10 Although conducting polymer electrodes have been used in biosensing and actuation for decades, recent developments in the field of organic electronics have made available a variety of devices that bring unique capabilities at the interface with biology. 1-2 One example is organic electronic ion pumps, 15 which are able to precisely control the flow of ions between two reservoirs, and have been used to pump neurotransmitters and stimulate cochlear cells in the inner ear of a guinea pig. [3][4][5] Another example is organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) that are being developed for a variety of biosensing 20 applications, including the detection of ions, 6-8 metabolites (such as glucose 9 and lactate 10 ) and antibodies. 11 Originally developed by Wrighton in the 80's, 12 OECTs consist of a conducting polymer film (channel of the transistor) in contact with an electrolyte. A gate electrode is 25 immersed in the electrolyte, while source and drain electrodes make contact to the channel and allow a measurement of its conductance. 13 A polymer that is commonly used in OECTs is poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) doped with poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS). In a typical experiment, a positive 30 potential is applied at the gate electrode, which causes cations from the electrolyte to enter the PEDOT:PSS film and dedope it, causing a decrease in its conductance. This manifests itself as a change in the current that flows between the source and drain electrodes. 13 35 OECTs exhibit a typical feature associated with transistors, namely a small current at the gate electrode can cause a large change in the current that flows in the channel, and as such it has been used to amplify biological signals. The gate electrode, for example, can be used as a "working electrode", 40 and the current that flows in it as a result of a redox reaction can be amplified by the OECT. This amplification manifests itself by the fact that the sensor's sensitivity increases with gate voltage, 14 and leads to devices that require very simple electronics for signal readout. Zhu et al. took advantage of 45 this fact to demonstrate a simple sensor for glucose in phosphate buffered saline (PBS). 9 The sensor consisted of a PEDOT:PSS OECT with a Pt gate electrode and with the redox enzyme glucose oxidase (GOx) dissolved in the electrolyte (PBS). This work was extended to demonstrate 50 sensors that work down to the micromolar concentration range, 14 can be made entirely out of polymers by using an appropriate mediator, 15 and operate with other redox enzymes, allowing the development of multianalyte sensors. 10 In In this communication, we report an enzymatic sensor based on an OECT that uses a RTIL as an integral part of its structure. The strategy we follow involves patterning the 75 RTIL over the active area of ...

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Influence of Device Geometry on Sensor Characteristics of Planar Organic Electrochemical Transistors

Cited by 175 publications

References 27 publications

Solvent-induced changes in PEDOT:PSS films for organic electrochemical transistors

Solvent-induced changes in PEDOT:PSS films for organic electrochemical transistors

Interfacial electronic effects in functional biolayers integrated into organic field-effect transistors

Electrochemical transistors with ionic liquids for enzymatic sensing

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