Influence of Dew Period and Temperature on Infection of Onion Leaves by Dry Conidia of<i>Botrytis squamosa</i>

Alderman, S. C.; Lacy, M. L.

doi:10.1094/phyto-73-1020

Cited by 31 publications

(18 citation statements)

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“…Although conidia may germinate over a wide temperature range (6-33°C), lesions develop optimally at 20°C and are reduced at 15 and 25°C; lesion numbers increase with increasing leaf wetness durations up to 48 h (Alderman and Lacy, 1983;Lorbeer, 1992). Leaf penetration is direct and localized leaf spot lesions develop; these may expand, leading to blighting when leaf wetness is prolonged (Alderman and Lacy, 1983). The greatest production of conidia occurs on necrotic parts of leaves and leaf tips and not on the leaf spot lesions, which represent a host hypersensitivity reaction to a weak pathogen (Lorbeer, 1992).…”

Section: Botrytis Squamosa (Leaf Rot Leaf Blight Blast) (A) Pathogementioning

confidence: 99%

Onion diseases

Maude¹

1998

The Epidemiology of Plant Diseases

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Section: Botrytis Squamosa (Leaf Rot Leaf Blight Blast) (A) Pathogementioning

confidence: 99%

Onion diseases

Maude¹

1998

The Epidemiology of Plant Diseases

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“…Leaf blighting lowers the leaf area index of the crop and can thus be expected to decrease yield (Alderman et al, 1987). According to Alderman and Lacy (1983) and Shoemaker and Lorbeer (1977b) leaf blighting is induced after leaf wetness periods prolonging for 4 and 3 days. Wetness periods of this duration have not been observed in our trials.…”

Section: Disease Severity and Its Relation To Yieldmentioning

confidence: 99%

Field evaluation of a supervised control system forBotrytis leaf blight in spring sown onions in the Netherlands

Visser¹

1996

Eur J Plant Pathol

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Between 1988 and 1992 two existing weather based advisory models to control leaf blight in onions, were evaluated in the Netherlands. The first model, BOTCAST, can be used to time the initial spray while the second model, SIV, can be used to advise on every subsequent spraying. The evaluation based on field trials showed that application of both BOTCAST and SIV can reduce the number of sprays by 54% compared to a weekly spraying program without any yield loss or a higher disease severity. There was no relation between yield losses of untreated plots and disease severity expressed as lesion counts or leaf dieback. Relative disease growth rate was significantly but not closely related to weather based model characteristics or the observed crop micro-climate using linear regression analysis. The model characteristics did not yield better regressions than the climatological characteristics. Two changes to improve BOTCAST are proposed. Introduction of a supervised control system based on BOTCAST and SIV seems only economically feasible when the system is used as a regional warning system.

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“…the time from infection until symptom appearance) takes 5-8 days. During that time, the ineffective mycelium is relatively protected by the host tissue and the temperature and RH requirements are less stringent (Alderman and Lacy 1983;Salinas et al 1989). Optimum temperatures for infection are between 10 and 20 °C, but infection could occur even at 2 °C and above 25 °C (Jarvis 1980;Marois et al 1988;Elad 1989;Salinas et al 1989).…”

Section: Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Botrytis cinerea in greenhouse vegetables: chemical, cultural, physiological and biological controls and their integration

Elad

Shtienberg

1995

Integr Pest Manag Rev

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Botrytis cinerea is an ubiquitous pathogen which causes severe losses in many fruit, vegetable and ornamental crops. The pathogen infects leaves, stems, flowers and fruits. The complexity of diseases caused by B. cinerea in greenhouses makes this pathogen one of the most important diseases of vegetable crops in greenhouse in many countries. In general, epidemics occur in cool and humid conditions, which favour infection and may also predispose the host to become susceptible. High relative humidity in the greenhouse and free moisture on plant surfaces are considered the most important environmental factors which influence infection by B. cinerea. In this review we specify the factors affecting the development of diseases incited by B. cinerea and discuss different approaches for its suppression. Chemical and non-chemical controls are outlined and their integration is discussed. Finally, achievements, gaps in knowledge, and future needs are indicated. The most common means for disease management is by application of chemical fungicides. Both spraying of fungicides and application of fungicides directly to sporulating wounds is practiced. However, high activity of several fungicides is being lost, at least in part, due to the development of resistance. As fungicides still remain an important tool for control of epidemics caused by B. cinerea, it is important to monitor populations of the pathogen for their resistance towards potential fungicides. Cultural measures can be a powerful means to suppress plant diseases in greenhouses where the value of crops is high and the farmers make considerable efforts during long cropping seasons. Such measures are usually aimed at altering the microclimate in the canopy and around susceptible plant organs, prevention of inoculum entrance into the greenhouse and its build up, and, rendering the host plants less susceptible to diseases. Calcium loading of plant tissues and alteration of nitrogen fertilization reduce susceptibility to Botrytis. Cultivars resistant to B. cinerea are not available. Another alternative methods to control B. cinerea is by means of biological control agents. At least one preparation is already available in the market and in many cases it was as effective as the conventional fungicides. A decision support system was recently developed for integration of chemical and biological controls. Adaquate suppression of B. cinerea diseases in greenhouse crops is an attainable goal. In our opinion this goal can be reached by considering the ecology of the pathosystem in its broader sense and by integration of all possible control measures. This implies optimization of plant nutrition, microclimate and control (cultural, biological, physiological and, if necessary, chemical) measures. Moreover, Botrytis management must be incorporated in a more holistic system that is compatible with insect control, crop production systems and profitability of the crop.

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Influence of Dew Period and Temperature on Infection of Onion Leaves by Dry Conidia ofBotrytis squamosa

Cited by 31 publications

References 0 publications

Onion diseases

Onion diseases

Field evaluation of a supervised control system forBotrytis leaf blight in spring sown onions in the Netherlands

Botrytis cinerea in greenhouse vegetables: chemical, cultural, physiological and biological controls and their integration

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