Influence of di-hydrogen phosphate ion on performance of polyamide reverse osmosis membrane for nitrate and nitrite removal

Efficient electrocatalytic reduction of nitrate to nitrogen gas by a cubic Cu2O film with predominant (111) orientation

“…1 To diminish this potential health risk, the concentration limit for NO 3 À in drinking water is set at 10 and 11.3 ppm by the United States EPA and the European Drinking Water Directive, respectively. 2,3 Therefore, various technologies have been developed to remove nitrate from water, such as microbial technology, 4 adsorption technology, 5 reverse osmosis technology, 6 electro-dialysis technology, 7 photocatalytic reduction technology, 8 chemical catalytic reduction technology, [9][10][11] and electrocatalytic reduction technology. [11][12][13][14] Electrochemical denitrification can achieve the selective conversion of NO ) or nitrogen gas (N 2 ) and has been regarded as a promising method for NO 3 À removal due to its high efficiency, moderate operating conditions, relatively low investment costs, no sludge production, and high practicability for treating real nitrite wastewater.…”

Nitrate removal from groundwater by microscale zero‐valent iron and activated carbon: A nonpumping reactive wells experiment

“…[6] Denitrification, which is the reduction of nitrate to its end product (i.e., nitrogen gas), has been used extensively around the world to remove nitrate from wastewater and groundwater. [7,8] Other physical and chemical processes involve electrochemical processes, [9] activated carbon adsorption, [10] reverse osmosis, [11] ion exchange, [12] biotic, [13] and abiotic nitrate reduction by iron. [14] Recently, many researchers have focused on combining two or more of the aforementioned in situ nitrate removal methods, because their efficiency is high, which suggests a lack of sludge production during contaminant removal, smaller footprint, comparatively low investment costs, tolerance to the elevated levels of pollutants, and high efficacy in contaminant removal.…”

EFFECT OF Cu-PUROLITE A400 RESIN ON ADSORPTION OF NITRATE AND NITRITE IN WASTEWATER TREATMENT

“…The processing methods for nitrates and nitrites can be physical, chemical or biological. Physical techniques include reverse osmosis [4], ion exchange [5], catalyst reduction [6], electro-dialysis [7] and carbon activation [8]. Chemical methods include chemical denitrification [9].…”