Influence of Diet on Mitochondrial Complex Activity in Channel Catfish

Abstract

A 2 × 2 factorial experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of commercial diets (32% protein, 3% fat [32/3 diet] or 36% protein, 8% fat [36/8 diet]; Malick Aquafeed, Inc.) and the influence of strain (U.S. Department of Agriculture [USDA] 103 or Norris) on performance variables and mitochondrial respiratory chain enzyme activities in the liver, muscle, and intestine of channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus. Juvenile channel catfish (average weight = 29.71 and 38.79 g for USDA 103 and Norris strains, respectively) were stocked into sixteen 152‐L aquaria at a density of 10 fish/aquarium. Four aquaria were used for each dietary treatment. Fish were fed twice daily to apparent satiation for 16 weeks. Results indicated that diet and strain had significant (P < 0.05) main effects on weight gain, feed consumption, feed efficiency, and specific growth rate. Diet composition had a significant main effect on condition factor, regardless of strain. There was a significant (P < 0.0007) fish strain × diet composition interaction effect on feed efficiency. Regardless of strain, fish fed the 36/8 diet formula had higher activities for respiratory enzyme complexes I, II, III, and IV in the liver, intestine, and muscle than fish fed the 32/3 diet. The strain effect was significant but not consistent for complex I and IV activities in the liver and muscle and complex II activities in the liver and intestine. The fish strain × diet composition interaction effect was significant for complex I activity in the liver and for complex II and IV activities in the muscle. These data demonstrate that the USDA 103 strain of channel catfish appears to possess superior traits in growth performance compared with the Norris strain. Our data indicate that diet has an important effect on channel catfish production and that a commercial 36/8 diet produces enhanced growth performance and mitochondrial enzyme activities relative to a 32/3 diet.

RNA-Seq Identifies SNP Markers for Growth Traits in Rainbow Trout

“…Prevalence of the mtSNPs association with growth in rainbow trout is consistent with recent reports showing that short stature and a progressive reduction in body mass index as features of mitochondrial disease in human childhood [50] , [51] . In addition, recent studies highlighted possible relationships between enhanced growth performance and mitochondrial enzyme activities in rainbow trout, catfish, broilers and livestock [52] , [53] , [54] , [55] .…”

Effects of dietary lipid levels on mitochondrial gene expression in low and high‐feed efficient families of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss

“…For instance, several studies have characterized responses of mitochondria to excessive dietary lipid level in terrestrial animals (De Schrijver & Privett, 1984;Slim et al, 1996;Korshunov et al, 1998;Skulachev, 1998;Sreekumar et al, 2002). Moreover, it has been demonstrated that high-feed efficiency (FE) is associated with increased mitochondrial function in terrestrial animals (Bottje & Carstens, 2009) as well as in some fish species (Eya et al, 2010(Eya et al, , 2011(Eya et al, , 2012. In these studies conducted on fishes, it was found that dietary fat and protein have significant effect on the mitochondrial enzymatic complexes I-V and the expression levels of genes encoding these complexes (Eya et al, 2010(Eya et al, , 2011(Eya et al, , 2012.…”

“…Moreover, it has been demonstrated that high‐feed efficiency (FE) is associated with increased mitochondrial function in terrestrial animals (Bottje & Carstens, ) as well as in some fish species (Eya et al , , , ). In these studies conducted on fishes, it was found that dietary fat and protein have significant effect on the mitochondrial enzymatic complexes I–V and the expression levels of genes encoding these complexes (Eya et al , , , ). Because the treatments that were used in these studies consisted of a combination of different dietary protein and lipid levels, however, it was difficult to elucidate the pattern of the effect of dietary protein or lipid solely on the expression of these genes.…”

“…Furthermore, although high‐lipid diets have been reported to down‐regulate genes necessary for oxidative phosphorylation in humans (Sparks et al , ), little is currently known about the effects of the dietary lipid level on mitochondrial gene expression in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum 1792). Thus, this present study was conducted using a fixed protein level of 42%, which is a mid‐value between 40 and 45% crude protein (CP) used in previous studies (Eya et al , , , ), to determine if the supplementation of graded dietary lipid levels affect mitochondrial gene expression in low and high‐FE families of O. mykiss . It was hypothesized that there is a significant interaction between the dietary lipid level and the family effects on mitochondrial gene expression, and that O. mykiss from the high‐FE family fed the highest lipid level will show the highest mitochondrial gene expression.…”

Interactive Effects of Dietary Lipid and Phenotypic Feed Efficiency on the Expression of Nuclear and Mitochondrial Genes Involved in the Mitochondrial Electron Transport Chain in Rainbow Trout

“…In broiler nutrition, such improved phenotypic FE has contributed to the optimization of the nutrients (ingredients) used in diet formulation, and has been related to an improvement in mitochondrial function [ 6 , 12 , 13 , 14 ]. In fish, genetic variation has been reported in feed consumption, growth and feed efficiency, and improved growth and FE were associated to mitochondrial function in channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus [ 15 , 16 ] and rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss [ 17 ].…”