Influence of dietary docosahexaenoic acid supplementation on the overall rumen microbiota of dairy cows and linkages with production parameters

Torok, V. A.; Percy, Nigel J.; Moate, Peter J.; Ophel-Keller, K.

doi:10.1139/cjm-2013-0805

Cited by 11 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Total nucleic acid was extracted from freeze dried piglet faecal samples using a proprietary method (South Australian Research and Development Institute, Adelaide, Australia) [19][20][21]. The V3-V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene was sequenced using the illumina MiSeq platform using 300 bp paired end reads (forward primer: CCTAYGGGRBGCASCAG and reverse primer: GGACTACNNGGGTATCTAAT), following a standard protocol by the Australian Genome Research Facility for next generation sequencing (Melbourne, Australia).…”

Section: Dna Extraction and 16s Rrna Amplicon Sequencingmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Single Faecal Microbiota Transplantation Altered the Microbiota of Weaned Pigs

Nowland

Torok

Low

et al. 2020

Life

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Weaning is a stressful time for piglets, often leading to weight loss and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. A leading cause for these post-weaning problems is enteric dysbiosis and methods to improve piglet health at this crucial developmental stage are needed. This study aimed to determine whether an enteric dysbiosis caused by weaning could be corrected via a faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) from healthy piglets from a previous wean. Two or four focal piglets per litter were assigned to one of two treatments; FMT two days post weaning (n = 21; FMT) or a control which received saline two days post weaning (n = 21; CON). FMT consisted of homogenised donor faeces administered orally at 3 mL/kg. Weaning occurred at 18 days of age and weights and faecal samples were collected on days 18, 20, 24 and 35. 16S rRNA amplicon analysis was used to assess the faecal microbiota of piglets. FMT increased Shannon’s diversity post weaning (p < 0.001) and reduced the scratch score observed at 24 days of age (p < 0.001). The bacterial populations significantly differed in composition at each taxonomic level. In FMT pigs, significant increases in potentially pathogenic Escherichia coli were observed. However, increases in beneficial bacteria Lactobacillus mucosae and genera Fibrobacteres and Bacteroidetes were also observed in FMT treated animals. To our knowledge, this is the first study to observe a significant effect on piglet faecal microbiota following a single FMT administered post weaning. Therefore, FMT post weaning can potentially alleviate enteric dysbiosis.

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Section: Dna Extraction and 16s Rrna Amplicon Sequencingmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Single Faecal Microbiota Transplantation Altered the Microbiota of Weaned Pigs

Nowland

Torok

Low

et al. 2020

Life

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“…Total nucleic acid was extracted from 10 mL of freeze-dried ruminal fluid using a modification (Torok et al, 2008) of a South Australian Research and Development Institute (SARDI, West Beach, Australia) proprietary method (Stirling et al, 2004), as previously described by Torok et al (2014). Terminal restriction fragment (T-RF) length polymorphism was conducted to investigate the bacterial, archaeal, fungal, and protozoan communities.…”

Section: Rumen Microbial Profilingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Terminal restriction fragment (T-RF) length polymorphism was conducted to investigate the bacterial, archaeal, fungal, and protozoan communities. The PCR primers used for bacterial profiling were 27F/907R (Torok et al, 2008), whereas Ar109f/Ar912r were used for Archaea, ITS1-F/ITS4 for fungi, and CS322F/EU929R for protozoa (Torok et al, 2014). For each primer pair, one primer was 5 labeled with 6-carboxyfluorescein (FAM; 27F, Ar109f, ITS1-F, and EU929R) to enable subsequent detection of T-RF.…”

Section: Rumen Microbial Profilingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For each primer pair, one primer was 5 labeled with 6-carboxyfluorescein (FAM; 27F, Ar109f, ITS1-F, and EU929R) to enable subsequent detection of T-RF. The PCR targeting bacteria were done according to Torok et al (2008), whereas PCR targeting Archaea, fungi, and protozoa were done according to Torok et al (2014). Following PCR, amplification products were digested with the following restriction endonucleases (Genesearch Pty Ltd., Arundel, Queensland, Australia) according to the manufacturer's recommendations: 2 U of MspI and 1 μg/μL of BSA (27F-FAM/907R amplicon), 1 U of MboI (Ar109f-FAM/Ar912r amplicon), 5 U of HinfI (ITS1-F-FAM/ITS4 amplicon), and 1 of U Hpy188III and 1 μg/μL BSA (CS322F/EU929R-FAM amplicon).…”

Section: Rumen Microbial Profilingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Grape marc reduces methane emissions when fed to dairy cows

Moate

Williams

Torok

et al. 2014

Journal of Dairy Science

147

108

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Grape marc (the skins, seeds, stalk, and stems remaining after grapes have been pressed to make wine) is currently a by-product used as a feed supplement by the dairy and beef industries. Grape marc contains condensed tannins and has high concentrations of crude fat; both these substances can reduce enteric methane (CH4) production when fed to ruminants. This experiment examined the effects of dietary supplementation with either dried, pelleted grape marc or ensiled grape marc on yield and composition of milk, enteric CH4 emissions, and ruminal microbiota in dairy cows. Thirty-two Holstein dairy cows in late lactation were offered 1 of 3 diets: a control (CON) diet; a diet containing dried, pelleted grape marc (DGM); and a diet containing ensiled grape marc (EGM). The diet offered to cows in the CON group contained 14.0kg of alfalfa hay dry matter (DM)/d and 4.3kg of concentrate mix DM/d. Diets offered to cows in the DGM and EGM groups contained 9.0kg of alfalfa hay DM/d, 4.3kg of concentrate mix DM/d, and 5.0kg of dried or ensiled grape marc DM/d, respectively. These diets were offered individually to cows for 18d. Individual cow feed intake and milk yield were measured daily and milk composition measured on 4d/wk. Individual cow CH4 emissions were measured by the SF6 tracer technique on 2d at the end of the experiment. Ruminal bacterial, archaeal, fungal, and protozoan communities were quantified on the last day of the experiment. Cows offered the CON, DGM, and EGM diets, ate 95, 98, and 96%, respectively, of the DM offered. The mean milk yield of cows fed the EGM diet was 12.8kg/cow per day and was less than that of cows fed either the CON diet (14.6kg/cow per day) or the DGM diet (15.4kg/cow per day). Feeding DGM and EGM diets was associated with decreased milk fat yields, lower concentrations of saturated fatty acids, and enhanced concentrations of mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acids, in particular cis-9,trans-11 linoleic acid. The mean CH4 emissions were 470, 375, and 389g of CH4/cow per day for cows fed the CON, DGM, and EGM diets, respectively. Methane yields were 26.1, 20.2, and 21.5g of CH4/kg of DMI for cows fed the CON, DGM, and EGM diets, respectively. The ruminal bacterial and archaeal communities were altered by dietary supplementation with grape marc, but ruminal fungal and protozoan communities were not. Decreases of approximately 20% in CH4 emissions and CH4 yield indicate that feeding DGM and EGM could play a role in CH4 abatement.

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“…Although diet has been investigated as a means of altering the adult cow microbiota (16,17) and production (18,19), calf feed has not been as fully assessed. Previous dietary work with dairy calves focused on weight gain, as this is positively associated with increased downstream milk production (20).…”

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confidence: 99%

Diet Influences Early Microbiota Development in Dairy Calves without Long-Term Impacts on Milk Production

Dill‐McFarland

Weimer

Breaker

et al. 2019

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Gastrointestinal tract (GIT) microorganisms play important roles in the health of ruminant livestock and affect the production of agriculturally relevant products, including milk and meat. Despite this link, interventions to alter the adult microbiota to improve production have proven ineffective, as established microbial communities are resilient to change. In contrast, developing communities in young animals may be more easily altered but are less well studied. Here, we measured the GIT-associated microbiota of 45 Holstein dairy cows from 2 weeks to the first lactation cycle, using Illumina amplicon sequencing of bacterial (16S rRNA V4), archaeal (16S rRNA V6 to V8), and fungal (internal transcribed region 1 [ITS1]) communities. Fecal and ruminal microbiota of cows raised on calf starter grains and/or corn silage were correlated to lifetime growth as well as milk production during the first lactation cycle, in order to determine whether early-life diets have long-term impacts. Significant diet-associated differences in total microbial communities and specific taxa were observed by weaning (8 weeks), but all animals reached an adult-like composition between weaning and 1 year. While some calf-diet-driven differences were apparent in the microbiota of adult cows, these dissimilarities did not correlate with animal growth or milk production. This finding suggests that initial microbial community establishment is affected by early-life diet but postweaning factors have a greater influence on adult communities and production outcomes. IMPORTANCE The gut microbiota is essential for the survival of many organisms, including ruminants that rely on microorganisms for nutrient acquisition from dietary inputs for the production of products such as milk and meat. While alteration of the adult ruminant microbiota to improve production is possible, changes are often unstable and fail to persist. In contrast, the early-life microbiota may be more amenable to sustained modification. However, few studies have determined the impact of early-life interventions on downstream production. Here, we investigated the impact of agriculturally relevant calf diets, including calf starter and corn silage, on gut microbial communities, growth, and production through the first lactation cycle. Thus, this work serves to further our understanding of early-life microbiota acquisition, as well as informing future practices in livestock management.

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Influence of dietary docosahexaenoic acid supplementation on the overall rumen microbiota of dairy cows and linkages with production parameters

Cited by 11 publications

References 46 publications

A Single Faecal Microbiota Transplantation Altered the Microbiota of Weaned Pigs

A Single Faecal Microbiota Transplantation Altered the Microbiota of Weaned Pigs

Grape marc reduces methane emissions when fed to dairy cows

Diet Influences Early Microbiota Development in Dairy Calves without Long-Term Impacts on Milk Production

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