Influence of dietary fat source on sow and litter performance, colostrum and milk fatty acid profile in late gestation and lactation

Abstract

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation with various fat sources (3.8-3.9% of diet) during late pregnancy and lactation on the reproductive performance, fatty acids profile in colostrum, milk and serum of sow progeny. A total of 80 multiparous sows were randomly fed a control (adding no oil), palm oil (PO), fish oil (FO) or soybean oil (SO) supplemented diet from 90 days of pregnancy to weaning. Supplementation of FO increased litter size of weak piglets, compared with the control-fed sows (P < 0.05). Dietary FO and SO supplementation, enhanced the weaning survival rate, litter weaning weight, litter weight gain and fat content in milk (P < 0.05). The highest immunoglobulin (Ig)G and IgM levels in colostrum and milk were observed in the FO group (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, the highest concentration of C22:5 (n-3) and C22:6 (n-3) in colostrum, milk and piglet serum was observed in the FO group (P < 0.05). Taken together, dietary inclusion of FO or SO improved growth performance of nursing piglets by increasing milk fat output, and FO consumption by sows might benefit the piglets via increasing n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid availability and immunoglobulins (IgG and IgM) secretion.

Effects of dietary hemp seed oil to sows on fatty acid profiles, nutritional and immune status of piglets

“…However, increased levels of specific immunoglobulins may also reflect immunological responses towards infections, i.e., IgA has major immunosuppressive mechanisms in the intestine that inhibit pro-inflammatory responses to oral antigens, which may be counterbalanced by systemic immune factors, including IgG. Recent studies have investigated the dietary n-6/n-3 fatty acids with regard to similar responses as in our study in suckling [16] and weaned piglets [38]. Dietary inclusion of fish oil or soybean oil (3.8-3.9% of diet) improved growth performance of nursing piglets by increasing milk fat output [16], and the authors furthermore concluded that fish oil consumption by sows might benefit the piglets via increasing n-3 PUFAs availability and immunoglobulins (IgM and IgG) secretion.…”

“…Recent studies have investigated the dietary n-6/n-3 fatty acids with regard to similar responses as in our study in suckling [16] and weaned piglets [38]. Dietary inclusion of fish oil or soybean oil (3.8-3.9% of diet) improved growth performance of nursing piglets by increasing milk fat output [16], and the authors furthermore concluded that fish oil consumption by sows might benefit the piglets via increasing n-3 PUFAs availability and immunoglobulins (IgM and IgG) secretion. In addition, supplementation of linseed oil, with an n-6/ n-3 ratio of 4.2 (in comparison with soybean oil with an n-6/n-3 ratio of 9.8) to maternal diets, increased immunoglobulins in sows' plasma, colostrum and milk [39].…”

“…Manipulation of the content and composition of dietary fat in sow diets during late gestation and lactation seems one of the promising methods to influence fat content and composition of colostrum and mature milk, thereby improving the development of the immune system in early life and robustness of their progeny [2,11]. While a great number of studies described the impact of supplementing different fat sources for sow diets during the late gestation and lactating period with regard to performance of sows and their progeny, there is less evidence in the literature describing the comparison of rapeseed oil, coconut oil, palm oil, sunflower oil, fish oil [2,12], lard and fish oil [13] or inclusion of various levels of tuna oil [6], olive oil [8,14,15] and soybean oil [16] with regard to biological responses of the piglets.…”

Evaluation of high nutrient diets and additional dextrose on reproductive performance and litter performance of heat‐stressed lactating sows

“…Considering the higher BW loss and lower litter growth in the ST sows, it can then be hypothesized that the efficiency of energy intake through feeding might be higher than the mobilized energy from body tissue in a hot environment. The supplementation of 8% animal fat, coconut oil, palm oil, or sunflower oil in lactating sows improved litter growth performance about 19% (Lauridsen & Danielsen, 2004 different oil sources (palm, fish, and soybean) to the diet of lactating sows improved the litter survivability and overall weight gain at weaning (Jin et al, 2017). Moreover, according to previous studies, the concentration of milk fat can be increased as the fat level increases in the diet, particularly that long-chain fatty acids account as a large proportion of milk fat content in lactating sows (Rosero et al, 2015).…”

“…The supplementation of 8% animal fat, coconut oil, palm oil, or sunflower oil in lactating sows improved litter growth performance about 19% (Lauridsen & Danielsen, ). The addition of approximately 4% of different oil sources (palm, fish, and soybean) to the diet of lactating sows improved the litter survivability and overall weight gain at weaning (Jin et al, ). Moreover, according to previous studies, the concentration of milk fat can be increased as the fat level increases in the diet, particularly that long‐chain fatty acids account as a large proportion of milk fat content in lactating sows (Rosero et al, ).…”