Influence of dietary fatty acids on the lipid composition of lipoproteins in farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)

Lie, Øyvind; Sandvin, Aslaug; Waagbø, Rune

doi:10.1007/bf00004372

Cited by 53 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Similarly, the presence of high 18:2n-6 and 18:3n-3 in the diet may lower the levels of DHA by competing with 24:5n-3 for Δ6 desaturase and thus preventing the conversion of 24:5n-3 to 24:6n-3 (see , thereby reducing the production of DHA. Consistent with this, dietary soy bean oil increased both 18:2n-6 and 18:3n-3, decreased EPA and DHA, and had little effect on AA in polar and neutral lipids in serum lipoproteins in salmon, compared to fish fed a diet containing fish oil (Lie et al, 1993). Brown trout in seawater fed 18:2n-6-rich corn oil compared to fish oil showed increased levels of 18:2n-6 and 20:3n-6, but not AA, and lower levels of n-3 fatty acids in liver lipid (Arzel et al, 1994).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 54%

Hepatocyte fatty acid desaturation and polyunsaturated fatty acid composition of liver in salmonids: effects of dietary vegetable oil

Tocher

Bell

MacGlaughlin

et al. 2001

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B: Biochemistry an

138

106

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Abbreviations: AA, arachidonic acid; BHT, butylated hydroxytoluene; DHA, docosahexaenoic acid; EFA, essential fatty acid; EPA, eicosapentaenoic acid; FAF-BSA, fatty acid free bovine serum albumin; FO, fish oil; HBSS, Hanks balanced salt solution; HUFA, highly unsaturated fatty acids acids (carbon chain length ≥ C 20 with ≥ 3 double bonds); PL, polar lipid; PUFA, polyunsaturated fatty acids; VO, vegetable oil; TLC, thin-layer chromatography. 2 AbstractThe desaturation and elongation of [1-14 C]18:3n-3 was investigated in hepatocytes from different populations and three different species of salmonids indigenous to Scotland, brown trout, Atlantic salmon and Arctic charr. Two groups of fish were sampled, before and after they were fed two experimental diets, a control diet containing fish oil and a diet containing vegetable oil (a 1:1 blend of linseed oil and rapeseed oil) for 12 weeks. At each sampling time, fatty acyl desaturation and elongation activity was determined in isolated hepatocytes and samples of liver were also collected for lipid compositional analysis. At the initiation of the dietary trial, the liver polar lipid fatty acid compositions of salmon and brown trout were very similar to each other, and the two charr populations were similar to each other having lower total n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and 22:6n-3, but higher 20:5n-3 than the other salmonids. Initially, hepatocyte desaturation activity varied with the highest activity in brown trout followed by salmon then charr. Production of 20:5n-3 was particularly high in brown trout. Desaturation of [1-14 C]18:3n-3 was significantly greater in all fish fed the diet containing vegetable oil compared to fish fed the diet containing fish oil. The increase in activity was less in brown trout compared to the other groups of fish. Feeding the vegetable oil diet increased the levels of 18:2n-6, 20:3n-6, total n-6PUFA, 18:3n-3, 18:4n-3, 20:3n-3 and 20:4n-3, and decreased 22:6n-3 and the n-3/n-6 ratio in salmon and brown trout. By contrast, in charr fed the vegetable oil diet, there was no increase in 18:3n-3, 18:4n-3, 20:3n-3 or 20:4n-3 in liver polar lipid and the level of 22:6n-3 was not decreased. In addition, there was only a modest increase in the levels of 18:2n-6 and total n-6PUFA and so the n-3/n-6 ratio was only slightly decreased. The percentage of 20:4n-6, which was not increased in salmon and brown trout fed vegetable oil, was increased in charr fed the vegetable oil diet. Overall, the results indicated that there were significant differences in liver PUFA metabolism between Arctic charr and the other salmonids that could have important consequences, both physiologically and in their ability to be successfully cultured on diets containing vegetable oils.Running title: PUFA composition and desaturation in salmonids.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 54%

Hepatocyte fatty acid desaturation and polyunsaturated fatty acid composition of liver in salmonids: effects of dietary vegetable oil

Tocher

Bell

MacGlaughlin

et al. 2001

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B: Biochemistry an

138

106

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“…Numerous scientific reports are available regarding alternative lipid sources in aquaculture feeds, especially for Atlantic salmon (14,15,(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34). A major concern and challenge with introducing alternative lipid sources into Atlantic salmon diets is that the dietary FA composition must be designed so that a higher proportion of the dietary lipid is used for energy production, thus potentially sparing dietary protein for muscle growth.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

β‐Oxidation of 18∶3n−3 in atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) hepatocytes treated with different fatty acids

Torstensen¹,

Stubhaug²

2004

Lipids

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To study whether Atlantic salmon beta-oxidation was affected by dietary FA composition, an in vitro study with primary hepatocytes was undertaken. Isolated hepatocyte cultures were stimulated with either 16:0, 18:1n-9, 18:2n-6, 18:3n-3, 20:5n-3, or 22:6n-3 in triplicate for 24 h. In addition, a control was included where no FA stimulation was performed, also in triplicate. After stimulation, radiolabeled [1-14C] 18:3n-3 was added and the cells were incubated for 2 h at 20 degrees C. The cells were then harvested, and radioactivity was determined in the acid-soluble part of the cells and medium, i.e., the end products of the beta-oxidation pathway. Specific beta-oxidation activity was significantly higher in hepatocytes stimulated with 18:3n-3. Further, when taking into account the amount of radiolabeled [1-14C]18:3n-3 taken up by the cells--the relative amount of beta-oxidized [1-14C]18:3n-3 of the total FA taken up by the hepatocytes-no significant differences were found. Thus, the regulation of beta-oxidation activity in the primary Atlantic salmon hepatocytes seems to be at the level of FA uptake and transport into the cell. This in vitro study shows that the catabolism processes in salmon hepatocytes are affected by the FA available and probably already regulated at the level of FA uptake.

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“…The mean proximate composition of the diets were: dry matter (93.4%), protein (42.8%), lipid (16.9%) and ash (6.4%). The fatty acid composition of the diets were given by Lie et al (1993).…”

Section: Fish and Dietsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The composition of the lipids in each of the lipoproteins depend on several factors, e.g., the nutritional status and stage of sexual maturity of the animal. Studies on plasma lipoproteins in fish were recently reviewed by Babin and Vernier (1989); the effects of the dietary fatty acid composition on the composition of the different serum lipoproteins have been studied in Atlantic salmon (Lie et al 1993).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transport of alpha-tocopherol in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) during vitellogenesis

Lie

Sandvin

Waagbø

1994

Fish Physiol Biochem

Self Cite

101

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The transport of α-tocopherol was studied during vitellogenesis in Atlantic salmon that were fed diets with two levels of α-tocopherol. α-Tocopherol levels were measured in the flesh, liver, ovary and serum, and in the serum the α-tocopherol levels in the very low density lipoprotein (VLDL), low density lipoprotein (LDL), high density lipoprotein (HDL) and very high density lipoprotein (VHDL or vitellogenin) were also measured.Atlantic salmon store α-tocopherol mainly in their flesh because the muscle mass comprises 50% or more of live weight. During vitellogenesis the α-tocopherol content declined to about 10% of the level prior to maturation. The relative range of level of α-tocopherol in the lipoproteins was: HDL> LDL> VLDL> VHDL, irrespective of dietary levels of α-tocopherol.From the recent knowledge on lipid transport during vitellogenesis and the present data, we hypothesize that α-tocopherol is transported from peripheral tissues to liver by HDL and further transported from liver to ovary by LDL. Vitellogenin appears to play a minor role in the transportation of vitamin E to the ovary.

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Influence of dietary fatty acids on the lipid composition of lipoproteins in farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)

Cited by 53 publications

References 34 publications

Hepatocyte fatty acid desaturation and polyunsaturated fatty acid composition of liver in salmonids: effects of dietary vegetable oil

Hepatocyte fatty acid desaturation and polyunsaturated fatty acid composition of liver in salmonids: effects of dietary vegetable oil

β‐Oxidation of 18∶3n−3 in atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) hepatocytes treated with different fatty acids

Transport of alpha-tocopherol in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) during vitellogenesis

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