Influence of Dietary Protein Level and Amino Acid Composition on Chick Performance

Askelson, C. E.; Balloun, S. L.

doi:10.3382/ps.0440193

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…The protein component of ripe cereal seeds has long been recognized as having the potential to be nutritionally limiting for birds, the result of a poor match between the amino acid balance of the seed and the requirements of the animal for synthesis and renewal of tissue proteins (Askelson & Balloun 1965;Bolton & Blair 1974;Calet 1976;Parrish & Martin 1977;McDonald et a/. 1988;Houston er a/.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The importance of green seed in the nitrogen nutrition of the Zebra Finch Taeniopygia guttata

Allen

Hume

1997

Australian Journal of Ecology

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Australian grass-finches are widely reported to consume large quantities of green seed when it becomes available, and the opportunistic breeding of wild Zebra Finches in the arid zone has been correlated with the occurrence of rain. In this study, green and ripe seeds were harvested from seven pasture and weed grasses grown in experimental plots and, along with three cereal flours and whole-egg powder, were analysed for the amino-acid composition of their protein. The relative levels of ten amino acids essential in the diets of growing birds were compared between samples using a cluster analysis dendrogram generated from Raabe's Similarity Index. The protein of all green seeds clustered with whole egg, and away from all but one of the ripe seeds and seed products. Green and ripe seed profiles were found to be significantly different by a two-sample multivariate test of significance (Hotelling's T^). Histidine, lysine, phenylalanine and threonine were the amino acids most different. Of these four amino acids, lysine and threonine (along with methionine) were potentially limiting in ripe seeds when compared with whole-egg protein. In green seeds, lysine was only marginally limiting, threonine was no longer limiting, but methionine was still limiting when compared with whole-egg protein. These results indicate that the benefit of green vs ripe seed in the diet of breeding Zebra Finches is partly a higher level of the limiting essential amino acid, lysine, and partly a higher intake and throughput of sofr green seed and consequent greater extraction of limiting essential amino acids.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When protein is a limiting factor in cereal-based diets, the deficiency is in quality rather than quantity (Askelson & Balloun 1965), as the requirement of an animal for protein is 'really a demand for the essential amino acids in the correct proportions' (Bolton & Blair Accepted for publication January 1997. 1974).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The importance of green seed in the nitrogen nutrition of the Zebra Finch Taeniopygia guttata

Allen

Hume

1997

Australian Journal of Ecology

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“…The importance of balanced amino acid patterns in broiler diets is well documented. Askelson and Balloun (1965) concluded from studies in which broiler chicks were fed diets ranging in crude protein from 18 to 22 percent that improvement in performance associated with increased protein levels was the result of improved essential amino acid balance and could be accomplished equally as well through amino acid supplementation. Fisher et al (1960) described an imbalanced diet as one which contained an excess amount of some essential amino acids while one essential amino acid was present in amounts less than that required for optimum protein synthesis and growth.…”

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confidence: 98%

Performance of Chicks Fed Diets Formulated to Minimize Excess Levels of Essential Amino Acids

et al. 1976

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Studies were conducted in which levels of essential amino acids in excess of the minimum requirements were minimized in broiler diets composed of commercially available feed stuffs and synthetic amino acid supplements. Growth rate and efficiency of feed utilization of chicks fed such diets were equal to that attained by chicks fed diets formulated by conventional means when grown under conditions where heat stress was not a factor and significantly improved when fed under conditions of heat stress. Improvements were obtained in efficiency of protein and calorie utilization using this technique of formulation.

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“…Askelson and Balloun (1965) observed that chicks fed on an 18% protein diet supplemented with proper essential amino acids grew as well as chicks fed on a diet containing 22% 1 Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Publication No. KISR1226, Kuwait. protein, and Nesheim et al (1972) concluded that excessive levels of some amino acids in the diet may increase the degradation rate of other amino acids, thus increasing the chick's need for them.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

The Effect of Adding Essential Amino Acids and Vitamins to the Rations of Broilers

et al. 1986

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Four experiments were carried out to investigate the amino acid and vitamin requirements of broilers. The performance of birds fed on control diets formulated according to the recommendations of the National Research Council (1977) was compared to that of birds fed on experimental diets containing additional amounts of essential amino acids (L-lysine and DL-methionine) and vitamins. The control diets varied in protein and metabolizable energy content; the experimental diets were obtained by adding varying additional amounts (10 to 50%) of one or both amino acids and vitamins to the control diets. The experimental diets resulted in consistently better body weight gains than the control diets. The results showed that under the conditions of these experiments, the levels of amino acids and vitamins in the control diets were not optimal for the proper growth and development of broilers and must be increased.

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Influence of Dietary Protein Level and Amino Acid Composition on Chick Performance

Cited by 8 publications

References 2 publications

The importance of green seed in the nitrogen nutrition of the Zebra Finch Taeniopygia guttata

The importance of green seed in the nitrogen nutrition of the Zebra Finch Taeniopygia guttata

Performance of Chicks Fed Diets Formulated to Minimize Excess Levels of Essential Amino Acids

The Effect of Adding Essential Amino Acids and Vitamins to the Rations of Broilers

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