Influence of different oral rehydration solutions on abomasal conditions and the acid-base status of suckling calves

Bachmann, Lisa; Homeier, Timo; Arlt, Sebastian; Brueckner, M.; Rawel, Harshadrai M.; Deiner, Carolin; Hartmann, Helmut

doi:10.3168/jds.2008-1487

Cited by 36 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…In addition to ORS treatment, they should receive their milk meal which is necessary to maintain energy supply (Heath et al, 1989). Preparing ORS in milk or MR is an easy way for farmers to provide diarrheic calves with electrolytes without adverse effects (Bachmann et al, 2009;Goodell et al, 2012). Such milk-ORS-mixtures are hypertonic, and administering them should cause thirst.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water and concentrate intake, weight gain and duration of diarrhea in young suckling calves on different diets

Wenge

Steinhöfel²,

Heinrich³

et al. 2014

Livestock Science

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a b s t r a c tDiarrheic calves are fed with milk or milk replacer and oral rehydration solutions (ORS) to ensure energy and electrolyte supply. An easy and time-saving method is the preparation of ORS in milk. As milk-based ORS are hypertonic solutions administration of them may trigger thirst. Therefore, we hypothesized that restrictively fed calves receiving ORS prepared in milk had a higher water intake than restrictively and ad libitum fed calves receiving ORS prepared in water during diarrheic episodes.The daily water intake was measured in 100 individually-housed Holstein Friesian calves from day 2 to 21 of life. One group of the calves was fed with restrictive amounts of milk, the other group got milk ad libitum by an automated milk feeder. Nearly all calves spontaneously developed diarrhea within the observation period from day 2 to 21 of life. In cases of diarrhea the restrictively-fed calves received ORS prepared in milk or ORS prepared in water two hours after their milk meal, whereas the ad libitum-fed calves only got ORS prepared in water. All calves had ad libitum access to water. The daily intake of water, milk, and ORS and weight gain during diarrheic episode were determined. Data were expressed as arithmetic means ( 7standard deviation) and analyzed by using a oneway ANOVA or repeated-measures ANOVA.From day 2 to 21 of life calves fed with restrictive amounts of milk had higher water intakes related to the total dry matter intake (DMI) with 1.6 L/kg of total DMI than ad libitum-fed calves (0.9 L/kg of total DMI) per day. In cases of diarrhea water intake increased in all feeding groups. The calves receiving milk-based ORS had the highest water intake with 1.7 L/d during the period of diarrhea compared to the calves received ORS prepared in water. Moreover, the calves fed ORS in milk showed with 4.6 L/d the highest daily ORS intake. There were no differences in the duration of diarrhea or the daily weight gain during period of diarrhea between the feeding regimens. Therefore, it can be concluded that all feeding regimens were suitable in the treatment of calf diarrhea. The simplest method to treat calves suffering from diarrhea is the preparation of ORS in milk, but then ad libitum availability of water is absolutely necessary. Moreover, calves drink considerable amounts of water within the first 3 weeks of life and therefore should be provided with water for animal welfare reasons.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water and concentrate intake, weight gain and duration of diarrhea in young suckling calves on different diets

Wenge

Steinhöfel²,

Heinrich³

et al. 2014

Livestock Science

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“…Although, the strong ion and simplified strong ion approaches have been criticized, several research groups have investigated quantitative acid‐base analysis in domestic animals and concluded that the strong ion approach provided a more comprehensive evaluation of acid‐base balance than application of the traditional Henderson‐Hasselbalch equation . A key question remains to be answered: does application of strong ion theory improve our ability to understand the mechanisms of acid‐base equilibrium in vivo and treat acid‐base disturbances?…”

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confidence: 99%

Importance of the Effective Strong Ion Difference of an Intravenous Solution in the Treatment of Diarrheic Calves with Naturally Acquired Acidemia and Strong Ion (Metabolic) Acidosis

Müller

Gentile

Klee

et al. 2012

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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Background: The effect of sodium bicarbonate on acid-base balance in metabolic acidosis is interpreted differently by Henderson-Hasselbalch and strong ion acid-base approaches. Application of the traditional bicarbonate-centric approach indicates that bicarbonate administration corrects the metabolic acidosis by buffering hydrogen ions, whereas strong ion difference theory indicates that the co-administration of the strong cation sodium with a volatile buffer (bicarbonate) corrects the strong ion acidosis by increasing the strong ion difference (SID) in plasma.Objective: To investigate the relative importance of the effective SID of IV solutions in correcting acidemia in calves with diarrhea.Animals: Twenty-two Holstein-Friesian calves (4-21 days old) with naturally acquired diarrhea and strong ion (metabolic) acidosis.Methods: Calves were randomly assigned to IV treatment with a solution of sodium bicarbonate (1.4%) or sodium gluconate (3.26%). Fluids were administered over 4 hours and the effect on acid-base balance was determined.Results: Calves suffered from acidemia owing to moderate to strong ion acidosis arising from hyponatremia and hyper-D-lactatemia. Sodium bicarbonate infusion was effective in correcting the strong ion acidosis. In contrast, sodium gluconate infusion did not change blood pH, presumably because the strong anion gluconate was minimally metabolized.Conclusions: A solution containing a high effective SID (sodium bicarbonate) is much more effective in alkalinizing diarrheic calves with strong ion acidosis than a solution with a low effective SID (sodium gluconate). Sodium gluconate is ineffective in correcting acidemia, which can be explained using traditional acid-base theory but requires a new parameter, effective SID, to be understood using the strong ion approach.

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“…In contrast, the administration of ORS mixed in milk replacer did not impair milk clotting (Bachmann et al, , ; Kirchner et al, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Abomasal emptying rate of diarrhoeic and healthy suckling calves fed with oral rehydration solutions

Hildebrandt

Scheuch

Schneider

et al. 2020

Animal Physiology Nutrition

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The aim of the study was to determine the abomasal emptying rate (AER) of calves suffering from naturally occurring diarrhoea compared with that of healthy calves. Furthermore, the effects of an oral rehydration solution (ORS) mixed into milk replacer on the AER were determined. Acetaminophen absorption test (APAT) was performed to estimate the AER. Sixty Holstein–Frisian calves (age < 14 days) were included in the study and divided into groups as follows: healthy calves (H; n = 16), healthy calves fed with ORS (HORS; n = 14), diarrhoeic calves (D; n = 15) and diarrhoeic calves fed with ORS (DORS; n = 15). For the APAT, the calves were fed 2 L of milk replacer containing 50 mg acetaminophen (AP)/kg body weight. Venous blood samples were collected before and after milk replacer and AP intake in 30–60 min intervals for 12 hr. During the APAT, no significant differences in median maximum acetaminophen concentration (Cmax) were observed among all groups. Time to reach maximum acetaminophen concentration (Tmax) in DORS (median 390 min, 25/75 quartiles: 300/480 min) was significantly higher compared with that in H (median: 270 min 25/75 quartiles: 210/315 min) and HORS (median: 300 min (25/75 quartiles: 240/360 min). Non‐linear regression revealed that the calculated abomasal half‐life (AP t1/2) tended to be delayed in DORS (median: 652 min, 25/75 quartiles: 445/795 min, p = .10). The area under the AP curve values (AUC) from 0 to 120 min and 0 to 240 min of the observation period were significantly higher in H than D and DORS. In conclusion, significant differences in the AER indices reflected delayed abomasal emptying in diarrhoeic calves. Furthermore, the hypertonic ORS tended to have an additive delaying impact on the AER, which needs attention for the feeding management of diarrhoeic calves.

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Influence of different oral rehydration solutions on abomasal conditions and the acid-base status of suckling calves

Cited by 36 publications

References 18 publications

Water and concentrate intake, weight gain and duration of diarrhea in young suckling calves on different diets

Water and concentrate intake, weight gain and duration of diarrhea in young suckling calves on different diets

Importance of the Effective Strong Ion Difference of an Intravenous Solution in the Treatment of Diarrheic Calves with Naturally Acquired Acidemia and Strong Ion (Metabolic) Acidosis

Abomasal emptying rate of diarrhoeic and healthy suckling calves fed with oral rehydration solutions

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