Influence of Different Post-Plasma Treatment Storage Conditions on the Shear Bond Strength of Veneering Porcelain to Zirconia

Abstract

This in vitro study investigated whether different storage conditions of plasma-treated zirconia specimens affect the shear bond strength of veneering porcelain. Zirconia plates were treated with a non-thermal atmospheric argon plasma (200 W, 600 s). Porcelain veneering (2.38 mm in diameter) was performed immediately (P-I) or after 24 h storage in water (P-W) or air (P-A) on the treated surfaces (n = 10). Untreated plates were used as the control. Each group was further divided into two subgroups according to the application of a ceramic liner. All veneered specimens underwent a shear bond strength (SBS) test. In the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis, the oxygen/carbon ratios of the plasma-treated groups increased in comparison with those of the control group. When a liner was not used, the three plasma-treated groups showed significantly higher SBS values than the control group (p < 0.001), although group P-A exhibited a significantly lower value than the other two groups (p < 0.05). The liner application negatively affected bonding in groups P-I and P-W (p < 0.05). When the veneering step was delayed after plasma treatment of zirconia, storage of the specimens in water was effective in maintaining the cleaned surfaces for optimal bonding with the veneering porcelain.

Repair Bond Strength of a Resin Composite to Plasma-Treated or UV-Irradiated CAD/CAM Ceramic Surface

“…According to some XPS (X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy) study, APP-treated ceramic surface showed that the content of C-C bonds decreased, suggesting that organic matter was removed. By contrast, the content of oxygen-containing polar groups increased (C-O-C and O=C-O), suggesting that APP treatment enhanced the surface hydrophilicity [32,35,36].…”

The Effect of Surface Treatment on Shear Bond Strength between Y‐TZP and Veneer Ceramic: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis

“…In relation to the veneering ceramic, the following commercial brands were used: IPS e.max Ceram, Cercon Ceram, Vita VM9, Cerabien ZR, and Vintage ZR . Three studies did not specify the veneering ceramic used for the zirconia veneer.…”

“…In relation to the method of specimen manufacturing, some studies did not clarify the method used. Among those that did, five studies manufactured specimens through CAD/CAM systems, one study used manual methods, with the help of carborundum discs, while others manufactured their specimens with high‐precision machines (ISOMET, MicroSlice).…”

“…Different brands of Y-TZP were used for specimen manufacturing. They were: Cercon, 15,19,20 IPS e.max ZirCAD, 18,21,22 Kavo Everest ZS-Blank, 14,16 Lava Frame, 23,24 DD Bio ZW iso, 25 In-Ceram YZ, 26 Noritake Alliance Zirconia, 10 Z-CAD, 8 ZirBlank PS, 2 and Zirkonzahn. 27 Only one study 7 did not specify the brand of material used to manufacture the specimens.…”

“…1,2,4,7,8 Additionally, these treatments also have the objective of increasing the zirconia surface energy, directly benefiting wetting properties of the material and the bonding of the zirconia/veneering ceramic. [5][6][7] Among the most used treatments cited are airborne with different sized aluminum oxide particles, with or without a layer of silica coating, [8][9][10][11][12] the application of liner, 2,13,14 laser etching, 8,10,15 and plasma, 7,16 all used alone or in association.…”