Influence of different temperature regimes at torrefaction of chicken litter on yield and properties of products

Abstract

The purpose of the research is study the influence of the torrefaction process on the fuel properties of the chicken litter. Experimental studies on lab-scale system at five temperature regimes of torrefaction (220, 240, 260, 280, and 300 °C) with a holding time determined using thermogravimetric analysis were conducted. The products of the torrefaction are solid residue, non-condensable gases, and tar. For the feedstock and torrefied material the elemental composition, the lower calorific value, hygroscopicity limit and bulk density are determined. For liquid fraction the analysis of the chemical composition is carried out. The properties of non-condensable gases as chemical composition and calorific value - are investigated. Mass yields of the solid residue and tar, and specific volume yield of the non-condensable gases are presented. The conclusion about the optimum temperature regime for torrefaction of chicken litter based on the results of experimental studies is made.