Influence of diffusion on the coating adhesion of zinc-magnesium thin films onto steel

Zoestbergen, E; Langkruis, J. van de; Maalman, T.F.J.; Batyrev, Erdni

doi:10.1016/j.surfcoat.2016.10.063

Cited by 17 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…No sign of Mg was detected in the zinc interlayer after 144 h of annealing within the detection limit of EDS in the TEM. However, magnesium diffusion towards the steel substrate interface has been reported earlier [9]. Therefore, theoretical modelling of diffusion in Zn-Mg system is required in the future to address this phenomenon.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It was found that the volume fraction of the intermetallic compounds increases with the increasing of the annealing time and the adhesion drops drastically after 240 sec at which, around 90 % of the microstructure consists of the intermetallic compounds. Zoestbergen et al [9] also indicated the negative influence of a long-time annealing at 180 °C on the adhesion of Mg-Zn bilayered coatings, as determined by the so called "BMW crash adhesion test". The diffusion of Mg from the top layer towards the Zn/steel interface and its segregation were reported as a possible reason for the reduced adhesion after the heat treatment.…”

Section: Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…the coating systems [9]. A coating passed the test if the bonded adhesive joint failed at the adhesive/coating interface during bending instead of in the coating or at the coating/substrate interface.…”

Section: Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

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New insight into the loss of adhesion of ZnMg Zn bi-layered coatings on steel substrates

Sabooni

Galinmoghaddam

Cao

et al. 2019

Surface and Coatings Technology

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In this research, physically vapor deposited Mg-Zn and ZnMg-Zn bi-layered coatings were annealed at 180 °C for different annealing times to study the origin of the adhesion loss during heat treatment. In the case of Mg-Zn bi-layered coatings, it was observed that MgZn2 and Mg2Zn11 intermetallics are formed during annealing from Zn and Mg by diffusion, which results in a reduction of the thickness of the initial pure zinc interlayer. In the case of ZnMg-Zn bi-layered coating, the "interfacial adhesion strength" at the ZnMg/Zn interface was quantified by using scratch test. The novel finding is that the adhesion strength of asdeposited coatings at the interface of ZnMg/Zn is independent of the thickness of the zinc interlayer (tZn). tZn decreases gradually during annealing at 180 °C. The "adhesion performance" of the studied coatings, as tested by BMW crash adhesion test (BMW AA-M223), drops drastically when tZn is less than a threshold (~ 500 nm). The obtained results indicate that tZn plays the significant role in the adhesion performance of ZnMg-Zn bi-layered coatings.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

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New insight into the loss of adhesion of ZnMg Zn bi-layered coatings on steel substrates

Sabooni

Galinmoghaddam

Cao

et al. 2019

Surface and Coatings Technology

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“…The BMW adhesion test was repeated three times for each sample. More information about this test can be found elsewhere [12]. Fig.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Magnesium Concentration and Layer Thickness on the Adhesion of Physical Vapor Deposited ZNMG-Zn Bi-Layer Coatings

Sabooni

Galinmoghaddam

Westerwaal

et al. 2019

WIT Transactions on Engineering Sciences

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For many years, zinc coatings have been regarded as one of the most effective anti-corrosion protective coatings for steel. Recently, it was shown that the addition of even small amounts of magnesium (Mg) to a zinc (Zn) coating can noticeably increase its corrosion protection performance; however, it has also been observed that there is poor adhesion of zinc-magnesium (ZnMg) coatings to advanced high-strength steels. The addition of a more ductile Zn interlayer between the steel substrate and the ZnMg coating is a solution to improve the adhesion problem. In the present study, a series of ZnMg-Zn bi-layered coatings with different Mg concentrations (up to 14.1 wt.% Mg), and also different thicknesses of the Zn and ZnMg layers, were prepared by a thermal evaporation process (physical vapor deposition (PVD)) in order to investigate the adhesion performance and interfacial adhesion strength. The adhesion performance of these coatings was qualified by the BMW crash adhesion test (BMW AA-M223), while the interfacial adhesion strength at the ZnMg/Zn interface was quantified by the scratch test. It was found that the interfacial adhesion strength decreases gradually with an increase in the Mg content of the top layer. The novel finding is that the interfacial adhesion strength at the ZnMg/Zn interface is independent of the thickness of the Zn interlayer; however, the adhesion performance of a ZnMg-Zn bi-layered coating during a bending test is a complex function of different parameters, such as the thickness of the Zn and ZnMg layers, the interfacial adhesion strength and the interfacial defects density.

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“…13 This process permitted the co-deposition of zinc-magnesium onto strip steel, with composition being controlled accurately by source metal feed rate and temperature. The technology has evolved significantly over the last decade; multiple papers have been published on the adhesion properties of these PVD coatings, [14][15][16][17][18] and a full air-to-air scaleup of the method was accomplished by POSCO in collaboration with Tata Steel Europe in 2011. 19 In the scale-up work from POSCO it was also found that a zinc-magnesium coating containing 9.2 wt% magnesium showed superior corrosion resistance when compared to electrogalvanized and hot dip galvanized steel sheet reference samples during standard salt spray testing.…”

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confidence: 99%

Studying the Influence of Mg Content on the Microstructure and Associated Localized Corrosion Behavior of Zn-Mg PVD Coatings Using SVET-TLI

Bolton

Dunlop

Sullivan

et al. 2019

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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Physical vapour deposited (PVD) zinc and zinc-magnesium coatings are compared to commercial galvanized zinc and zincmagnesium-aluminum coatings in terms of bare metal corrosion when immersed in chloride-containing solution. A scanning vibrating electrode technique has been augmented to capture photographic images, in-situ, which complement the spatially and temporally resolved electrochemical data by providing visual evidence of corrosion events and their subsequent stabilization or propagation over the surface. Hot dip galvanized zinc coatings demonstrate heterogeneous localized corrosion behavior, contrary to the general corrosion of the PVD pure zinc layer. The PVD coating containing 4 wt% magnesium has a discrete microstructure much finer than the structure of hot dip zinc-magnesium-aluminum coatings, which results in smaller and more abundant anodic features. Increasing the magnesium content in PVD zinc-magnesium to 10 wt% coatings increases the relative size of the anodic events and reduces the number observed accordingly. A further increase in magnesium content to 20 wt% sees a reduction in anode size and evidence of de-activation during the experiment. A clear correlation between magnesium content and the intensity of characteristic staining on the PVD coatings is also observed.

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Influence of diffusion on the coating adhesion of zinc-magnesium thin films onto steel

Cited by 17 publications

References 11 publications

New insight into the loss of adhesion of ZnMg Zn bi-layered coatings on steel substrates

New insight into the loss of adhesion of ZnMg Zn bi-layered coatings on steel substrates

Effects of Magnesium Concentration and Layer Thickness on the Adhesion of Physical Vapor Deposited ZNMG-Zn Bi-Layer Coatings

Studying the Influence of Mg Content on the Microstructure and Associated Localized Corrosion Behavior of Zn-Mg PVD Coatings Using SVET-TLI

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