Influence of disease severity, smoking status and therapy regimes on leukocyte subsets and their ratios in stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Hlapčić, Iva; Dugac, Andrea Vukić; Popović‐Grle, Sanja; Markelić, Ivona; Rako, Ivana; Rogić, Dunja; Rumora, Lada

doi:10.5114/aoms.2020.100720

Cited by 6 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Several studies have investigated the systemic and local inflammatory state in COPD 19 – 22 , but the mechanisms of COPD pathogenesis are still poorly understood. Recent evidence suggests the involvement of the multiprotein complex NLRP3 inflammasome in the development of COPD 23 , but data regarding its activation are still scarce and contradictory.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Activation of NLRP3 inflammasome in stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Markelić

Hlapčić

Čeri

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation plays an important role in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) pathogenesis and might be involved in ongoing chronic inflammation. This study aimed to determine interleukin-1beta (IL-1β) plasma concentration as well as IL1B, NLRP3 and caspase-1 (CASP1) gene expression in the Croatian COPD patients. 109 patients with stable COPD and age- and sex-matched 95 controls were included in the study. Plasma IL-1β concentration was measured by Luminex technology, and gene expression analysis was performed using TaqMan assays. It was shown that COPD patients had increased concentration of IL-1β and enhanced gene expression of IL1B, NLRP3 and CASP1 compared to controls. There was no difference in IL-1β or IL1B, NLRP3 and CASP1 in patients with COPD regarding airflow obstruction severity and smoking history. Finally, the diagnostic potential of the determined parameters was evaluated, and it was found that IL-1β correctly classified 89% of cases in the combination with common inflammatory biomarkers, white blood cell count and fibrinogen, showing a potential in COPD prediction. In conclusion, up-regulation of IL1B, NLRP3, CASP1 and increased IL-1β concentration suggest the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome in the systemic compartment of patients with stable COPD.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Activation of NLRP3 inflammasome in stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Markelić

Hlapčić

Čeri

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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“…Similarly, peripheral monocytosis has been associated with poor prognosis in diverse lung disease processes including COPD, IPF and lung cancer. 16,17,[64][65][66][67] Monocyte levels were also associated with disease progression in IPF and its precursor lesions of ILAs. 11,12 Consequently, monocyte count can function as an inexpensive prognostic biomarker in a smoking population.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Cigarette Smoking, and Blood Monocyte Count Correlate with Chronic Lung Injuries and Mortality

Sangani¹,

Deepak²,

Anwar³

et al. 2023

COPD

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Background Cigarette smoking (CS)-related monocytosis contributes to the development of chronic lung injuries via complex mechanisms. We aim to determine correlations between measures of CS and monocytes, their capacities to predict chronic lung diseases, and their associations with mortality. Methods A single-center retrospective study of patients undergoing surgical resection for suspected lung nodules/masses was performed. CS was quantified as cigarettes smoked per day (CPD), duration of smoking, composite pack years (CPY), current smoking status, and smoking cessation years. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed. Results Of 382 eligible patients, 88% were ever smokers. In this group, 45% were current smokers with mean CPD of 27.2±40.0. CPY and duration of smoking showed positive linear correlations with percentage monocyte count. Physiologically, CPY was associated with progressive obstruction, hyperinflation, and reduced diffusion capacity (DL CO ). Across the quartiles of smoking, there was an accumulation of radiologic and histologic abnormalities. Anthracosis and emphysema were associated with CPD, while lung cancer, respiratory bronchiolitis (RB), emphysema, and honeycombing were statistically related to duration of smoking. Analysis using consecutive CPY showed associations with lung cancer (≥10 and <30), fibrosis (≥20 and <40), RB (≥50), anthracosis and emphysema (≥10 and onwards). Percentage monocytes correlated with organizing pneumonia (OP), fibrosis, and emphysema. The greater CPY increased mortality across the groups. Significant predictors of mortality included percentage monocyte, anemia, GERD, and reduced DL CO . Conclusion Indices of CS and greater monocyte numbers were associated with endpoints of chronic lung disease suggesting a participation in pathogenesis. Application of these easily available metrics may support a chronology of CS-induced chronic lung injuries. While a relative lesser amount of smoking can be associated with lung cancer and fibrosis, greater CPY increases the risk for emphysema. Monocytosis predicted lung fibrosis and mortality. Duration of smoking may serve as a better marker of monocytosis and associated chronic lung diseases.

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“…Inflammation and oxidative stress are central to the pathophysiology of COPD, leading to an increase in NLR, which is associated with a decline in lung function. However, there are contradictory findings, with studies suggesting that NLR predicted the difference between moderate and severe COPD [ 22 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio and Blood Eosinophil Levels As Inflammatory Indicators in Smoker and Non-smoker Young Adult Patients With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease at a Tertiary Care Hospital

Waseem,

Masood,

Siddiqui

et al. 2024

Cureus

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Background Inflammatory markers are elevated in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and can be quantified to detect severity, prognosis, mortality risk, and response to treatment. However, the estimation costs are high. The blood neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and eosinophil levels are emerging as biomarkers in COPD, yet there is a paucity of data. Aim and objectives This study was designed to elucidate the roles of the NLR and eosinophil levels in smokers and non-smokers with stable COPD male subjects, correlating them with lung functions. Materials and methods A prospective observational clinical study was conducted from January to June 2023, after receiving approval from the Institutional Ethics Committee, on 73 COPD patients aged 30-60 years who gave voluntary informed consent. Complete blood counts and spirometry were performed. Patients with a forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) % predicted <70% and an FEV1/forced vital capacity (FVC) % <70% based on the pulmonary function test (MIR Spirolab) were included. They were further divided into mild (n=10), moderate (n=27), severe (n=26), and very severe (n=10) categories as per the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) guidelines. Subjects were also categorized into smoker (n=45) and non-smoker (n=28) groups. The complete blood count was analyzed using an automated analyzer (Beckman Coulter). Analysis was also carried out with an NLR of more or less than three. A P-value of less than 0.05 was considered significant. Results Smokers constituted 61.65% (n=45) of the subjects, and non-smokers 38.35% (n=28). Among smokers, 17.78% had very severe airflow obstruction. In all COPD subjects (n=73), lymphocytes, eosinophils, and lung functions were lower in the group where the NLR was greater than three. NLR in smokers (3.52±1.43) was higher than in non-smokers (3.39±0.94). In non-smokers (n=28), blood eosinophils and lymphocytes were elevated. In smokers (n=45), blood neutrophils, monocytes, and basophils were increased. Smokers showed a non-significant increase in RBC, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), and mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH). Neutrophils, monocytes, eosinophils, and NLR increased with disease severity. NLR negatively correlated with FEV1 (r=-0.350, p=0.034) and positively with pack-years (r=0.546, p<0.001) in smokers. NLR negatively correlated with eosinophils, FVC, FEV1/FVC, and FEV1 % predicted. In all COPD subjects (n=73), NLR negatively correlated with blood eosinophils (r=-0.184, p=0.12), BMI, and lung functions. Conclusion NLR is elevated in COPD subjects and can serve as a marker of inflammation and a predictor of the risk and severity of airflow limitation. NLR correlates both positively and negatively with pack-years and lung functions, respectively.

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Influence of disease severity, smoking status and therapy regimes on leukocyte subsets and their ratios in stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Cited by 6 publications

References 42 publications

Activation of NLRP3 inflammasome in stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Activation of NLRP3 inflammasome in stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Cigarette Smoking, and Blood Monocyte Count Correlate with Chronic Lung Injuries and Mortality

Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio and Blood Eosinophil Levels As Inflammatory Indicators in Smoker and Non-smoker Young Adult Patients With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease at a Tertiary Care Hospital

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