Influence of dispersion fluctuations on four‐wave mixing efficiency in optical fibers

Abstract

SUMMARYThe four-wave mixing (FWM) used in optical fibers is expected to be a simple wavelength conversion technique for ultrafast optical signals. Highly efficient generation of stable FWM light is desired. FWM efficiency depends on the zero-dispersion wavelength of the fiber, the wavelength of the pump light, and the wavelength of the signal light, and reaches its maximum efficiency when the pump wavelength and zero-dispersion wavelength match in degenerate FWM. However, the zero-dispersion wavelength fluctuates in the longitudinal direction in actual optical fibers, and these changes affect the FWM generation characteristics.In this paper, we analyze FWM generation that accounts for the zero-dispersion wavelength fluctuations in the longitudinal direction of the optical fibers and explain the theory of the dependence of the FWM efficiency on the pump wavelength. In addition, by conducting FWM generation experiments, we demonstrate the differences in the characteristics of the optical fibers and clearly show the relationship between the FWM generation characteristics and zero-dispersion wavelength distribution.

Near-Infrared Dual-Comb Spectroscopy of CO2 and N2O with a Discretized Highly Nonlinear Fiber

“…The D-HNLF also allows us to reduce longitudinal and transverse fluctuations of the dispersion parameters, which are detrimental for the conversion efficiency. 41,42 The fabrication of the D-HNLF is based on the "stack and draw" method (Figure 2c). This consists of drawing, at high temperature, the optical fiber whose outside diameter is on the scale of a hundred μm from an arrangement of capillaries or silica rods forming the fiber structure on a larger scale, typically 10 to 30 mm.…”

“…So, the D-HNLF strongly reduces the constraints imposed on the guided mode of the core, thus allowing better control of the ZDW and the ratio β 2 /β 4 during the fabrication process. The D-HNLF also allows us to reduce longitudinal and transverse fluctuations of the dispersion parameters, which are detrimental for the conversion efficiency. , …”

Polarization dependence of four‐wave mixing in dispersion‐shifted fibers and its application to nonlinear refractive index measurements using maximum mixing efficiency

“…From this maximum efficiency, the nonlinear refractive index and the zero-dispersion wavelength can be measured simultaneously [6]. With regard to the zero-dispersion wavelength, fluctuations along the propagation direction of fiber are not taken into consideration [9].…”