The improvement of power capacity would benefit greatly from the analysis of transient characteristics of bulk acoustic wave (BAW) devices. For this purpose, a measurement system was established, which could capture the temperatures and the insertion loss (IL) of the BAW devices simultaneously. Based on the obtained testing data of four different commercial BAW filters, we clarified the time dependence of device temperature and insertion loss. The results showed that the BAW filters would exhibit higher power capacity with higher threshold frequency and lower slop of the characteristic curves. This prompt us to propose an evaluation method for BAW filters under high power levels, which could improve the efficiency of device selection and performance prediction.