Influence of Dosage and Type of Music Therapy in Symptom Management and Rehabilitation for Individuals with Schizophrenia

Abstract

The purpose of this systematic review was to investigate the influence of dosage, type (active, receptive, or combined), and format (individual or group) of music therapy for individuals with schizophrenia. With the terms "music*" and "schizophreni*," six research databases were searched: CINAHL, EMBASE, Music Index, PsycInfo, Pubmed, and RILM. The search was limited to studies written in English, peer-reviewed, and published between 1991 and 2015. Seventeen articles met the stated criteria. Dosage of music therapy ranged from 20 to 9,720 minutes. Three types of music therapy were delivered: active, receptive, or combined, and therapy was implemented via individual or group format. Depending on the dosage, type, and format, music therapy improved psychotic symptom management, depression and anxiety management, social and cognitive functioning, behavior, and quality of life of the participants. Dosage had a greater impact on the effects of music therapy compared to type and format. Studies that implemented a combination of active and receptive music therapy were more likely to produce significant improvements in outcomes compared to the studies that implemented the other types of music therapy. However, studies using combined type provided higher dosage of the intervention (e.g., more minutes of intervention exposure). This systematic review can be used to guide future research on and clinical applications for music therapy in this population. Future studies might also investigate the interaction of demographic characteristics or severity of illness with dosage and type on effects of music therapy.

Effects of a music‐creation programme on the anxiety, self‐esteem, and quality of life of people with severe mental illness: A quasi‐experimental design

“…That review showed that three types of music therapy did not show differences in the alleviation of anxiety symptoms. This difference might result from the total intervention time, which was 2,880 min in our study; the longest music therapy time examined by Chung and Woods‐Giscombe () was 540 min. Thus, music therapy might have a dose–response relationship (Gold et al .…”

“…The diversion principle is an effective strategy for transferring emotions about the disease that are deeply trapped and for relieving anxiety through immersion in music (Shih & Hwang ). Chung and Woods‐Giscombe () performed a systematic review to investigate the effect of music therapy on anxiety in patients with schizophrenia. That review showed that three types of music therapy did not show differences in the alleviation of anxiety symptoms.…”

Ιστορική Διερεύνηση Της Ιατρικής Δεοντολογίας Στον Ελληνικό Χώρο, Με Έμφαση Στην Ιπποκρατική Ιατρική

“…Ίσως, μάλιστα, να θυμίζει το κύμβαλον αλαλάζον από την επιστολή του Αποστόλου Παύλου, ΠΡΟΣ ΚΟΡΙΝΘΙΟΥΣ. 33 Συνολικά, η απαρίθμηση όλων αυτών των διαβλητών στοιχείων συμπεριφοράς υπήρξε μάλλον διακριτική, χωρίς να διακρίνεται από ακραία στηλίτευση. Την έντονα απορριπτική του διάθεση ο συντάκτης την αποκαλύπτει αμέσως στη συνέχεια, όταν σημειώνει ότι ο ίδιος δε θα ζητούσε βοήθεια από τέτοιους γιατρούς (13.7-9).…”

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“…7.44-45, 7.63-66, 7.76-77) και κάποτε με βάση την ομοειδή σύνταξη (π.χ. 7 [30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38]…”