Influence of Drying and Storage Conditions on Nonstructural Carbohydrate Analysis of Herbage Tissue—a Review

Smith, D. H.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2494.1973.tb00733.x

Cited by 49 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Levels of TNC in roots and shoots were analyzed separately, using an enzymatic process and colorimetric assay (DuBois et al 1956;Smith 1969). The procedure converts sugars and starches to glucose equivalents, and then analyzes glucose content using a standard phenol-sulfuric acid colorimetric assay (DuBois et al 1956).…”

Section: Laboratory Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interspecific and intraspecific variation in tree seedling survival: effects of allocation to roots versus carbohydrate reserves

et al. 1999

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We examined interspecific and intraspecific variation in tree seedling survival as a function of allocation to carbohydrate reserves and structural root biomass. We predicted that allocation to carbohydrate reserves would vary as a function of the phenology of shoot growth, because of a hypothesized tradeoff between aboveground growth and carbohydrate storage. Intraspecific variation in levels of carbohydrate reserves was induced through experimental defoliation of naturally occurring, 2-year-old seedlings of four northeastern tree species -Acer rubrum, A. saccharum, Quercus rubra, and Prunus serotina- with shoot growth strategies that ranged from highly determinate to indeterminate. Allocation to root structural biomass varied among species and as a function of light, but did not respond to the defoliation treatments. Allocation to carbohydrate reserves varied among species, and the two species with the most determinate shoot growth patterns had the highest total mass of carbohydrate reserves, but not the highest concentrations. Both the total mass and concentrations of carbohydrate reserves were significantly reduced by defoliation. Seedling survival during the year following the defoliation treatments did not vary among species, but did vary dramatically in response to defoliation. In general, there was an approximately linear relationship between carbohydrate reserves and subsequent survival, but no clear relationship between allocation to root structural biomass and subsequent survival. Because of the disproportionate amounts of reserves stored in roots, we would have erroneously concluded that allocation to roots was significantly and positively related to seedling survival if we had failed to distinguish between reserves and structural biomass in roots.

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Section: Laboratory Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interspecific and intraspecific variation in tree seedling survival: effects of allocation to roots versus carbohydrate reserves

et al. 1999

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“…For conservation and sample storage, freeze-drying of the sample is superior to oven-drying because microbial activity in the early stages of the oven-drying process cannot be ruled out. According to Smith [34], drying at temperatures below 50 • C allows time for DM losses by respiration and enzymatic conversions. Heat-drying at temperatures above 80 • C can cause thermo-chemical degradation.…”

Section: Effect Of Sample Preparation and Storage Temperature On Sugamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In general, lower sugar concentrations can be expected in oven-dried samples when compared with a lyophilised specimen. Furthermore, Smith [34] concluded that changes occur in non-structural carbohydrate concentrations during the storage of both freeze-and heat-dried tissues, and that the analyses should be conducted as soon as possible after sampling. It should be stressed that, from extraction to analysis, the degradation of sugars by microorganisms must be prevented.…”

Section: Effect Of Sample Preparation and Storage Temperature On Sugamentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of Single Sugars, Including Inulin, in Plants and Feed Materials by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography and Refraction Index Detection

Weiß

Alt

2017

Fermentation

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Abstract:The exact and reliable detection of sugar monomers and fructans provides important information for the evaluation of carbohydrate metabolism in plants and animals. Using the HPLC method; a large number of samples and single sugars; with both high sensitivity and selectivity; may be analysed. It was shown that the described method-using a Nucleosil column loaded with Pb 2+ ions; a refractive index detector (RID); and HPLC-grade water as the eluent-gives precise and reproducible results regarding the detection of individual sugars in extracts of plants and feed materials. The method can be applied for the detection of sucrose; maltose; lactose; xylose; glucose; galactose; arabinose; fructose; ribose; and mannitol. Furthermore; depending on the plant material; the sugars verbascose; stachyose; and raffinose can be separated. The peaks were well resolved and the reproducibility of the analysis; with 94-108% of recovery (RC) and relative standard deviation (RSD) of up to 5%; was very good. The method was successfully applied to a variety of green forages and samples of sugar beet pulp silages. It is also possible to determine fructan with inulin as a standard; together with the other sugars; or alone by a different protocol and column.

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“…In other processes like brewing, caramelisation may be desirable to improve palatability and visual appearance of the product (Smith, 2004). In this study, the dried bole chips changed colour, without the inception of caramelisation, from light brown, when dried at 70, 90, and 110 °C, to deep brown at 130 and 150°C (Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 80%

Dry method for preparation of inulin biomass as a feedstock for ethanol fermentation

Elisante¹,

Msemwa²

2011

African Crop Science Journal

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Sisal leaves which constitute only 2% of the sisal plant have been used in the production of pulp and fiber; the remaining 98% which is mostly of the sisal bole is largely regarded as waste. The bole's high inulin fraction (24-36%) is of particular significance due to its chemical functionality and relative ease of fermentation. utilisationThe objective of this study was to identify properties and pertinent characteristics for developing industrially viable methods of extracting inulin from sisal bole in a readily utilisable form. Inulin was extracted using the dry method 'baking', whereby sisal boles were chopped into chips of defined sizes 1.5-6 cm, before drying at 70 -150 °C. The dried bole chips were milled to sieved powder of 90-2000 µm. Particle sizes and temperature for total sugars were determined using the dinitrosalicylic (DNS) colorimetric method. Prior to fermentation, the inulin was hydrolysed using sulphuric acid to give a total sugar yield of 5-16% wt/wt depending on drying temperature. In general, high temperatures, e.g. 150 o C led to low sugar recovery (10.3% wt/wt), while low temperatures, e.g. 70 o C gave high sugar recovery (16.3% wt/wt). The fine inulin powder (<250 µm) was richer sugar content (~16%), whereas coarse particles (>400 µm) gave low sugar levels (~9%). The hydrolysed inulin was fermented using Saccharomyces cerevisiae for 57 hours giving consistent ethanol yields depending on initial sugar levels.Key Words: Agave americana sisal bole, bio-ethanol RÉSUMÉ Les feuilles de Sisal constituant seulement 2% de toute la plante ont été utilisé dans la production des pulpes et fibres, et 98 % du reste constituent le tronc était consudéré comme déchet. Le tronc du Sisal possède une fraction élevée de (24-36 %) d'une importance particulière par ses fonctionnalités chimiques et la facilité relative de fermentation. Cet article parle de l'utilisation du polysaccarose du sisal (Agave Americana) à travers la méthode sèche comme un potential du feedstock pour la production de l'éthanol. Cette étude visait l'identification des proprieties et des caractéristiques pertinantes pour le développement industrielle viable des méthodes d'extraction de l'inulin du tronc du sisal en une forme utilisable. L'extraction de l'inulin par la méthode sèche baking était considérée, par laquelle les troncs de sisal étaient coupés en morceaux de dimensions définies (1.5-6 cm) et séchés à 70-150 o C. Les morceaux séchés étaient moulus pour générer une poudre de 90-2000 µm à l'aide d'un tamis d'analyse. La détermination de différentes dimensions de particules et température des sucres était faite par la méthode colorimétrique dinitrosalicylique (DSN). Avant la fermentation, l'inulin était hydrolysé à l'aide de l'acide sulfurique pour donner un rendement total en sucre de 5 -16 % wt/wt sur base de la température de séchage. En général, les températures élevées telle que celle de 150 o C avaient donné un bas recouvrement de sucre (10.3% wt/ wt) alors que de températures basses dont 70 o C avaient produit un rec...

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Influence of Drying and Storage Conditions on Nonstructural Carbohydrate Analysis of Herbage Tissue—a Review

Cited by 49 publications

References 24 publications

Interspecific and intraspecific variation in tree seedling survival: effects of allocation to roots versus carbohydrate reserves

Interspecific and intraspecific variation in tree seedling survival: effects of allocation to roots versus carbohydrate reserves

Determination of Single Sugars, Including Inulin, in Plants and Feed Materials by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography and Refraction Index Detection

Dry method for preparation of inulin biomass as a feedstock for ethanol fermentation

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