Influence of early day-care exposure on total IgE levels through age 3 years

Toll-like receptors and microbial exposure: gene–gene and gene–environment interaction in the development of atopy

“…In our data, day-care protects against the development of high total IgE levels at age 1-2 yrs, predominantly in children heterozygous for rs2232596, but not in children with more than one older sibling. The protective effect of day-care on total IgE development has been shown before [30,31]. We confirm and extend this observation by showing that the ''day-care effect'' also depends on genetics and an additional environmental factor, namely sibship size.…”

“…It is not exactly known which (combinations of) microbial product(s) account for this protective effect, but several proxy measurements of high microbial exposure or infections (e.g. day-care, sibship size, and farm and raw milk exposure) have shown consistent protective effects against the development of atopic diseases [1][2][3].…”

Neonatal innate immunity in allergy development

“…Children fed breast milk that contains low levels of sCD14 have a higher risk of subsequent allergy [33], indicating that the protective effect of breast milk may be mediated through innate immune mechanisms. Day care attendance, which is related to microbial exposure during early childhood, is associated with decreased total IgE at age of 3 years and decreased risk of asthma at school age [38,39]. The protective effect of farm living is strongly dependent on the genetic variation in CD14 and TLRs [40], stressing the role of the innate immune system in early life immune polarization.…”

New insights into mechanisms of immunoregulation in 2007

“…As another supporting data on the hygiene hypothesis in human subjects, attendance to day care units before 3 months of age is inversely associated with asthma and atopy in later childhood through the reduction of IgE levels. 114 Studies demonstrate a strong role for the innate immune system in the development of allergic symptoms. An interesting link for Cellular and molecular immunoregulation 1.…”