Influence of early life stress on later hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis functioning and its covariation with mental health symptoms: A study of the allostatic process from childhood into adolescence

Essex, Marilyn J.; Shirtcliff, Elizabeth A.; Burk, Linnea R.; Ruttle, Paula L.; Klein, Marjorie H.; Slattery, Marcia J.; Kalin, Ned H.; Armstrong, Jeffrey M.

doi:10.1017/s0954579411000484

Cited by 183 publications

(184 citation statements)

References 105 publications

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“…a stressor, the release of adrenaline and noradrenaline is stimulated in the adrenals, which results in an increase in heart rate, stroke volume and respiratory rate, bronchial and pupillary dilatation, outflow of blood from limbs to muscles, heart, and brain, and an inhibition of digestive processes [12,13].…”

Section: Figure 1 Interaction Between the Nervous And Endocrine Systmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Activation of the CRH-ACTH-system is manifested by an increase in blood concentration of glucose, resulting from enhanced glycogenolysis and blockade of cellular uptake of this sugar. Moreover, cortisol stimulates lipolysis and degradation of proteins, as well as cleavage of fatty acids to ketone bodies [12][13][14][15].…”

Section: Figure 1 Interaction Between the Nervous And Endocrine Systmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Czynnościowy podwzgórzowy brak miesiączki – trudności diagnostyczne, monitorowanie i leczenie

Sowińska-Przepiera

Andrysiak‐Mamos

Jarząbek-Bielecka

et al. 2015

Endokrynologia Polska

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Functional hypothalamic amenorrhoea (FHA) is associated with functional inhibition of the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis. Causes of FHA can be classified into the three groups: 1) stress-related factors, 2) consequences of weight loss and/or underweight, and 3) consequences of physical exercise or practicing sports. Diagnosis of FHA should be based on a history of menstrual disorders. During physical examination, patients with FHA present with secondary and tertiary sex characteristics specific for the pubertal stage preceding development of the condition and with the signs of hypoestrogenism. Laboratory results determine further management of patients with amenorrhea, and thus their correct interpretation is vital for making appropriate therapeutic decisions. Treatment of chronic anovulation, menstrual disorders, and secondary amenorrhea resulting from hypothalamic disorders should be aimed at the elimination of the primary cause, i.e. a decrease in psycho-emotional strain, avoidance of chronic stressors, reduction of physical exercise level, or optimisation of BMI in patients who lose weight. If menses do not resume after a period of six months or primary causative treatment is not possible, neutralisation of hypoestrogenism consequences, especially unfavourable effects on bone metabolism, become the main issue. Previous studies have shown that oestroprogestagen therapy is useful in both the treatment of menstrual disorders and normalisation of bone mineral density. StreszczenieCzynnościowy brak miesiączki pochodzenia podwzgórzowego (FHA) polega na zahamowaniu czynności osi podwzgórze-przysadka-jajniki. Przyczyny FHA można podzielić na trzy grupy: 1) czynniki związane ze stresem, 2) następstwa utraty masy ciała i/lub występowania niskiej masy ciała, oraz 3) konsekwencje wysiłku fizycznego lub uprawiania sportu. Dla rozpoznania FHA istotne są dane z wywiadu na temat występowania zaburzeń cykli miesiączkowych. W badaniu fizykalnym pacjentek z FHA stwierdza się występowanie drugoi trzeciorzędowych cech płciowych zależnie od stadium zaawansowania pokwitania przed wystąpieniem schorzenia oraz objawy hipoestrogenizmu. Wyniki badań laboratoryjnych dostarczają informacji, na podstawie których decyduje się o sposobie leczenia, a ich właściwa interpretacja ma kluczowe znaczenie w podejmowaniu właściwych decyzji terapeutycznych. Leczenie przewlekłego braku jajeczkowania, zaburzeń cyklu miesiączkowego i wtórnego braku miesiączki wynikającego z zaburzeń podwzgórzowych powinno być ukierunkowane na usunięcie pierwotnej przyczyny, czyli obniżenie napięcia psychoemocjonalnego, unikanie czynników wywołujących przewlekły stres, zmniejszenie wysiłku fizycznego i poprawę wskaźnika masy ciała u odchudzających się pacjentek. Jeśli miesiączkowanie nie występuje przez okres ponad 6 miesięcy lub gdy pierwotne leczenie przyczynowe nie jest możliwe, głównym problemem terapeutycznym staje się neutralizacja następstw hipoestrogenizmu, a zwłaszcza jego niekorzystnego wpływu na metabolizm kostny. W dotychczasowych badaniach wyk...

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Section: Figure 1 Interaction Between the Nervous And Endocrine Systmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Figure 1 Interaction Between the Nervous And Endocrine Systmentioning

confidence: 99%

Czynnościowy podwzgórzowy brak miesiączki – trudności diagnostyczne, monitorowanie i leczenie

Sowińska-Przepiera

Andrysiak‐Mamos

Jarząbek-Bielecka

et al. 2015

Endokrynologia Polska

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“…Children exposed to chronic adversities early in life are more likely than other children to suffer a variety of mental health problems, as depression [51][52][53][54][55]. According to Van oort et.…”

Section: Family and Hereditary Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Childhood Depression As Emerging Public Health Problem: A Systematic Review

Pimentel¹,

Júnior²,

Júnior³

et al. 2015

Int Arch Med

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As an important problem of public health, the childhood depression deserves special attention, in which the serious and long term consequences of the disease weigh to the childhood development. Taking this in consideration, the present study was based in the following research question: which practical contribution the actual scientific literature about childhood depression has to offer to clinicians and researchers? The aim of the present study was to evaluate the actual evidence concerning the different aspects (etiology/risk factors, diagnosis, treatment, prognostic and prevention) of childhood depression, with the purpose to systematize such evidences and to contribute with the knowledge about the problem. In way to reach this aim, it was performed a systematic review of articles about childhood depression, in the period from January first of 2010 to January 16 of 2014, in the databases PubMED, MEDLINE and SciELO. In the research, the following terms were used: "depression" (MeSH), "child" (MeSH) and "childhood depression" (Keyword). Of the 860 found studies, 76 met the eligibility criteria. The found studies covered a wide variety of aspects related to childhood depression, as diagnosis, treatment, prevention and prognostic. The actual scientific literature about the childhood depression converges to, directly or not, highlight the negative impacts of the depression disorders to the life quality of the children. Unfortunately, the found studies show that the childhood depression is a disorder that develops most commonly in a poverty and vulnerability scenery, where the individual and familiar necessities concerning the childhood depression are not always taken in consideration. In this context, this review demonstrates that the depression started in

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“…Similar to the CCKergic system, the HPA axis system has long been recognized as a stress hormone [105,106], and plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of ADs [107,108]. Indeed, following ELS, the activity of the HPA axis system is dysfunctional [109][110][111]. Moreover, given the overall role of both the HPA axis system [112][113][114] and the CCKergic system [115][116][117] in regulating neuronal, cardiovascular, and metabolic functions in the body, these two systems may play an integrative role in the pathogenesis of post-ELS disorders.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

CCKergic System, Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) Axis, and Early-Life Stress (ELS)

Tang¹,

Joseph²,

Chen³

et al. 2012

Glucocorticoids - New Recognition of Our Familiar Friend

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Influence of early life stress on later hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis functioning and its covariation with mental health symptoms: A study of the allostatic process from childhood into adolescence

Cited by 183 publications

References 105 publications

Czynnościowy podwzgórzowy brak miesiączki – trudności diagnostyczne, monitorowanie i leczenie

Czynnościowy podwzgórzowy brak miesiączki – trudności diagnostyczne, monitorowanie i leczenie

Childhood Depression As Emerging Public Health Problem: A Systematic Review

CCKergic System, Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) Axis, and Early-Life Stress (ELS)

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