Influence of egg sacs on the swimming performance of freshwater cyclopoid copepods

Svetlichny, Leonid; Obertegger, Ulrike

doi:10.1093/plankt/fbae007

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 37 publications

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“…A large number of free egg sacs observed in our study suggests that favorable conditions may have prompted a shift in the behavior of Copepoda. The experimental results clearly indicated that egg sacs impair the swimming of cyclopoid females and increase the energetic costs of movement [38].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Ephemeral Puddles—Potential Sites for Feeding and Reproduction of Hyporheic Copepoda

Karpowicz,

Smolska

2024

Water

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The hyporheic (phreatic) zone connects groundwater and surface water and hosts a diverse community of organisms that are adapted to its unique conditions. In order to investigate the hitherto poorly understood biotic connections between the hyporheic zone and temporary ponds, we analyzed changes in the community of Copepoda in a small and shallow ephemeral puddle in a meadow for one year, with comparison to the groundwater fauna of the surrounding region in northeastern Poland. In the puddle, three species of Cyclopoida (Acanthocyclops vernalis, Diacyclops bisetosus, and Cyclops furcifer) were present in large numbers throughout the year. These species were also common components of the region’s groundwater fauna, but in much lower densities in the groundwater than in the puddle. These results suggest that temporary puddles can be a convenient place for copepods to feed and reproduce, while groundwater may serve as an important corridor for their dispersal. This study contributes to a more comprehensive understanding of copepod ecology and the functioning of ephemeral aquatic habitats.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Ephemeral Puddles—Potential Sites for Feeding and Reproduction of Hyporheic Copepoda

Karpowicz,

Smolska

2024

Water

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Ultrastructure and Function of the Stalk Gland Complex of Pompholyx faciemlarva (Rotifera: Monogononta)

Araújo,

Hochberg

2024

Journal of Morphology

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Many planktonic rotifers carry their oviposited eggs until hatching. In some species, the eggs are attached to the mother via secretions from her style gland, which forms a thread that extends from her cloaca. In species of Pompholyx, the mother possesses the rare ability to change the tension on the secreted thread, which alters the proximity of the egg with respect to her body. In this study, we used behavioral observations, confocal microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy to study the functional morphology of the stalk gland, which secretes a similar thread to the style gland. Our observations reveal that six longitudinal muscles insert on a stalk‐gland complex, which is a combination of a two‐headed gland and an epithelial duct that connects to the posterior cloaca. The gland secretes a single, long, electron‐dense thread that traverses the duct and attaches to the egg surface through the cloaca. Three retractor muscles insert on the stalk gland and function to pull the entire complex anteriorly, thereby increasing tension on the thread and moving the egg close to the mother's body. A set of three (two pairs and a single dorsal) protractor muscles antagonize these actions, and their contraction pulls the gland complex close to the cloaca, thereby releasing tension on the thread and allowing the egg to distance itself from the mother. The stalk gland complex does not appear to be homologous to the style glands of other rotifers, but we hypothesize that it functions as a form of maternal protection as is the case with style glands.

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Kinematic characteristics of calanoid copepod appendage motion

Svetlichny,

Uttieri

2024

Journal of Plankton Research

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Propulsion by copepods requires high-speed video and intensive analyses. Routine smooth swimming is compared with small relocation jumps and escape reactions, relying on kinematics analyses of appendage movement. In this study, we used high-speed video at 1200 frames per second to determine the kinematic parameters of three types of swimming in Eurytemora affinis females: routine steady swimming, small relocation jumps and escape reactions. The average speed varied in the range 0.30–0.82 cm s−1 during steady routine swimming. This value increased to 4.48 ± 1.01 cm s−1 during small relocation jumps, and reached 21.94 ± 2.68 cm s−1 during escape reactions. The small angular amplitude (40–50°) and the very high beat frequency (63–80 Hz) of the cephalic appendages during routine swimming indicate that E. affinis is a feeding-current feeder. The comparison of the angular displacements of the antennules, thoracic legs and abdomen with respect to the movement speed demonstrates that, both in the case of small relocation jumps and during escape reactions, the main propulsive role is played by the thoracic swimming legs and abdomen.

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Influence of egg sacs on the swimming performance of freshwater cyclopoid copepods

Cited by 3 publications

References 37 publications

Ephemeral Puddles—Potential Sites for Feeding and Reproduction of Hyporheic Copepoda

Ephemeral Puddles—Potential Sites for Feeding and Reproduction of Hyporheic Copepoda

Ultrastructure and Function of the Stalk Gland Complex of Pompholyx faciemlarva (Rotifera: Monogononta)

Kinematic characteristics of calanoid copepod appendage motion

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