Influence of Eimeria spp. infection and dietary inclusion of arginine on intestine histological parameters, serum amino acid profile and ileal amino acids digestibility in broiler chicks

Yazdanabadi, F Izadi; Mohebalian, Hadi; Moghaddam, Gh; Abbasabadi, Mehdi; Sarir, Hadi; Vashan, Seyyed Javad Hosseini; Haghparast, Alireza

doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2020.109241

Cited by 13 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…However, as previously mentioned, the contrasting conclusions on feeding high CP diets during infection are likely due to the time periods over which the data are considered. Evidence is growing that a certain level of protein intake during infection with E. maxima is beneficial both in terms of resilience and tolerance ( Rochell et al, 2016 ; Yazdanabadi et al, 2020 ; Teng et al, 2021a ). More specifically, AA profile is largely responsible for the effects on broiler growth and their responses to infection ( Bortoluzzi et al, 2018 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Starving for nutrients: anorexia during infection with parasites in broilers is affected by diet composition

Taylor

Sakkas²,

Kyriazakis

2022

Poultry Science

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In 2 experiments, we investigated whether diet composition plays a role in pathogen-induced anorexia, the voluntary reduction in ADFI during infection in broilers. We hypothesized that either energy or CP dietary content could influence the extent of anorexia in Ross 308 broilers and infection outcomes with Eimeria maxima . From d 13 of age, half of the birds were infected, and half were uninfected. ADFI was measured daily, and BW every 3 d until d 29. Oocyst excretion was measured daily from d 17 to 23. The impact of parasitism on the small intestine was assessed on d 19 and 25. In Experiment 1, 336 birds were offered diets progressively diluted with lignocellulose, starting from a diet with 3,105 (kcal ME/kg) and 20% CP. There was a significant interaction between infection and diet on ADFI during the acute stage of infection (d 17 to 21): for control birds diet dilution decreased ADFI and consequently reduced energy and CP intake. For infected birds, diet dilution increased ADFI, leading to the same energy and CP intake across diets. Oocyst excretion and villi length to crypt depth ratio ( VCR ) were constant across infected treatments. In Experiment 2, 432 birds were offered diets with constant ME (3,105 kcal/kg), but different CP contents (24, 20, 26, and 12%). Infection significantly reduced ADFI. Although there was no interaction between infection and diet on ADFI, there was an interaction on CP intake during the acute stage of infection. Infected birds on the 20% CP diet achieved the same CP intake as uninfected birds. There were no differences in the VCR and ADG of the infected birds on 24, 20 and 16% CP treatments, but birds on 12% had the lowest ADG and excreted more oocysts. We suggest that during infection, birds target a nutrient resource intake, which appears to be beneficial for infection outcomes, while at the same time they avoid excess protein intake. We conclude that different mechanisms regulate ADFI in infected and uninfected birds.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Starving for nutrients: anorexia during infection with parasites in broilers is affected by diet composition

Taylor

Sakkas²,

Kyriazakis

2022

Poultry Science

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“…Seemingly, lysine and isoleucine are metabolized from tissues and are utilized for immune response, the production of inflammatory cytokines for instance. The decrease in arginine might be attributed to its use for the production of nitric oxide (Izadi Yazdanabadi et al, 2020). The decrease in other amino acids might be attributed due to their participation as fuel sources for inflammatory responses (Rochell et al, 2016).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Salmonella infection stimulates immune responses and increases the concentration of pro-inflammatory cytokines (Fasina et al, 2008). Studies have also reported that infectious diseases disturb the amino acid balance in broiler chicks (Izadi Yazdanabadi et al, 2020). It is important to find alternative strategies for controlling pathogenic microbes and promoting the performance of broiler chicks.…”

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confidence: 99%

The Effects of Dietary Supplementation of Encapsulated Thyme Essential Oil on Growth, Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines, and Serum Amino Acid Profiles of Broiler Chicks Challenged with Salmonella Typhimurium

Olfati

Hosseini

2022

Annals of Animal Science

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Salmonella Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) causes inflammation and has adverse effects on the growth of broiler chicks. Meanwhile, plant derivations improve the growth performance and decrease inflammation, but they do not have enough stability. Encapsulation of essential oils is a new strategy for decreasing their instability. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation of encapsulated Thyme essential oil (ETEO) on growth, inflammatory cytokines, and amino acid profiles of broiler chicks challenged with S. Typhimurium. Three hundred one-d-old broiler chicks were assigned into 6 groups, and 5 replications per group. The broiler chicks (3 groups) were challenged with S. Typhimurium, on day 21 and birds received basal diet (positive control), encapsulated Thyme (P-ETEO), and non-capsulated Thyme (P-NETEO), while other groups received the same diets, but under normal as a negative control, encapsulated Thyme (N-ETEO) and non-capsulated Thyme (N-NETEO). Growth performance, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and serum amino acid profiles were assessed on day 42. The challenged birds in positive control showed lower growth performance, higher concentration for inflammatory cytokines, and disturbed blood serum concentrations for amino acid profiles compared to the negative control (P<0.05). The result showed that dietary supplementation of the ETEO could improve growth performance and amino acid profiles, and also decrease inflammatory responses (P<0.05). In sum, S. Typhimurium had negative effects on growth, immunity, and inflammation, but dietary inclusion of the ETEO could decrease its negative effects.

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“…Interestingly, the combined downregulation of nutrient transporters and enzymes to increase malabsorption of dietary AA may be a host defense mechanism to alter cellular metabolism to protect against Eimeria replication ( Paris and Wong, 2013 ; Su et al, 2015 ; Miska and Fetterer, 2018 ). Several studies have estimated that coccidiosis infection lowers AA digestibility by an average 8% compared with uninfected birds, with the greatest impact on Thr, Val, Cys, Ala, and Ser digestibility, which are key AA for gastrointestinal health and function ( Persia et al, 2006 ; Adedokun et al, 2016 ; Rochell et al, 2016 , 2017 a; Yazdanabadi et al, 2020 ). However, the degree of reduction in AA digestibility caused by coccidiosis has been shown to be influenced by Eimeria strain, severity of infection, amount of endogenous losses, and bird age ( Teng et al, 2021 ), and impacts vary among studies.…”

Section: Physiological Morphological and Metabolic Changes Following ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Increasing specific individual AA over recommended levels in standard CP diets have been studied for Met/TSAA ( Southern and Baker, 1982 ; Lai et al, 2018 ; Ren et al, 2020 ), Thr ( Kidd et al, 2003 ; Wils-Plotz et al, 2013 ), Arg ( Perez-Carbajal et al, 2010 ; Tan et al, 2014 ; Castro et al, 2020 ; Yazdanabadi et al, 2020 ), and Gln ( Mussini et al, 2012 ; Oxford and Selvaraj, 2019 ). Challenge models varied among these studies with one or a mixed Eimeria spp.…”

Section: Increased Aa Density For Eimeria -Infecte...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Precision intestinal nutrition: knowledge and gaps regarding the role of amino acids during an enteric challenge

Lee

Rochell

2022

Poultry Science

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Poultry nutritionists continually strive for more “precision” nutritional programs that provide the exact balance of nutrients that maximize broiler growth performance without economically and environmentally costly excesses. Many factors affect the precise amount and balance of nutrients needed by the broiler, including genetics, age, sex, and environment. Furthermore, broilers in intensive rearing environments will almost always be subjected to some degree of enteric stress that can alter nutrient needs. Exposure to enteric pathogens such as Eimeria spp., the intestinal parasites that cause avian coccidiosis, induces physical damage to the intestinal epithelium and activates immune responses, ultimately resulting in the repartitioning of amino acids ( AA ) in response to these prioritized demands. Even without any pathogenic challenge, the intestine has an already high demand for many AA, with 30 to 100% of dietary AA extracted during first pass intestinal metabolism. In many cases, increasing dietary protein from intact proteins has been shown to be a viable option to ameliorate impaired AA digestion and absorption and heightened need for certain AA of birds under an enteric stress. However, increasing dietary protein often results in concomitant increases in indigestible protein and carbohydrates that can stimulate the overgrowth of pathogenic bacteria (i.e., Clostridium perfringens ). Alternative options to increase dietary AA levels are to increase all feed-grade, free AA (e.g., Met, Lys, Thr, Val), or specific individual feed-grade AA. Therefore, the objectives of this paper are to discuss precision nutrition, the dietary AA demands of the intestine, consequences of coccidiosis on AA needs of the intestine, and formulation approaches to meet these altered needs. In summary, increased dietary protein met by intact proteins has consistently demonstrated its benefits during an Eimeria spp. infection; however, to further the goal of precision nutritional programs, feeding higher levels of a specific AA to support desired functions such as intestinal recovery or immune function for birds experiencing an enteric stress still require further evaluation.

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Influence of Eimeria spp. infection and dietary inclusion of arginine on intestine histological parameters, serum amino acid profile and ileal amino acids digestibility in broiler chicks

Cited by 13 publications

References 29 publications

Starving for nutrients: anorexia during infection with parasites in broilers is affected by diet composition

Starving for nutrients: anorexia during infection with parasites in broilers is affected by diet composition

The Effects of Dietary Supplementation of Encapsulated Thyme Essential Oil on Growth, Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines, and Serum Amino Acid Profiles of Broiler Chicks Challenged with Salmonella Typhimurium

Precision intestinal nutrition: knowledge and gaps regarding the role of amino acids during an enteric challenge

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