Influence of elevated protein and tannin‐rich peanut skin supplementation on growth performance, blood metabolites, carcass traits and immune‐related gene expression of grazing meat goats

Abstract

The aim of the present study was to define whether elevated rumen-undegradable protein (RUP) and tannin-rich peanut skin (PS) supplementation would affect animal growth performance, average daily gain (ADG), blood metabolites, carcass traits associated with lipogenic and immune-related gene expressions in meat goats grazing winter wheat (WW). Thirty-six Kiko-crossbreed male goats at approximately 6 months of age were blocked by body weight (BW; 25.6 ± 1.1 kg) and randomly assigned to one of the four treatments with two replicates based on a 2 × 2 factorial design. Diets contained PS replacing alfalfa meal (ALM), without or with RUP supplementation. Both PS and ALM were incorporated into grain mix portion of the diet and pelletized, with remaining diets fed ad libitum of WW forage for a period of 51 days.Lipogenic genes examined included SCD, ACLY, YWHAZ, PPIA and FABP4, while immune-related genes examined included ACTB (as a control gene), H3F3A, PPIA, IRF3, STAT2, HERC3 and IFIT3 antibody genes. The meat goats on PS-pellet-supplemented group with or without RUP supplementation grew 38.5% faster ADG (p < .001) when compared to control-supplemented group. When goats received PS diet, empty body weight, hot carcass, cold carcass, shoulder, hind shank, rack, loin and fat thickness were greater (p < .05) than control diet. Animals on PS-pellet had higher ACLY, YWHAZ, PPIA and FABP4 gene expression (p < .05) when compared to ALM-pellet control, with RUP by PS-pellet interactions (p < .01). Goats receiving additional RUP supplementation had increased (p < .05) STAT2 gene expression, whereas goats receiving PS-pellet supplementation showed increased STAT2 (p < .05) and a tendency to increase IRF3 (p = .07) gene expressions. In conclusion, the addition of PS-pellet or RUP supplementation has the potential to improve ADG and altered selected lipogenic and immune-related gene expressions. K E Y W O R D Scarcass profiles, condensed tannins, elevated protein, gene expressions, peanut skin | 89 RYEL MIN Et aL.

Effects of Paper Mulberry Silage on the Growth Performance, Rumen Microbiota and Muscle Fatty Acid Composition in Hu Lambs

“…To the best of our knowledge, amino acids are mainly absorbed in the small intestine, so protein passing through rumen has become an important research direction for amino acid metabolism [44]. Tannins are widely reported to reduce rumen BH, protect rumen protein degradation and reduce methane production [8,45,46]. However, paper mulberry rich in tannins did not generate the expected results in amino acids of LD, probably because silage reduced the tannin content.…”

Arachis species: High‐quality forage crops—nutritional properties and breeding strategies to expand their utilization and feeding value

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“…Goats fed on alfalfa with peanut skin showed reduced plasma oxidative stress markers and malondialdehyde compared to alfalfa alone, indicating that peanut skins have antioxidant properties and can be included in goat diets (Saito et al, 2016). In vitro rumen fermentation experiments showed that peanut skins affect the population of ruminal methanogens and suppress methanogenesis (Min et al, 2020). Partially replacing alfalfa with peanut skins improved the average daily gain and changed lipogenic and immune‐related gene expression of goats.…”

“…,Li et al (2014),McBrayer et al (1983),Min et al (2020),Min, Frank et al (2019), National Research Council (1989, Saito et al (2016), Schnaider et al (2014), Silva, de Medeiros et al (2016), Silva, Oliveira et al (2016), Staples et al (1997), and Vasco et al (2021). FORAGE PEANUT | 213…”