Influence of energetic status on ontogenetic niche shifts: emergence from the redd is linked to metabolic rate in brown trout

Regnier, Jérémi; Labonne, Jacques; Gaudin, Philippe; Bolliet, Valérie

doi:10.1007/s00442-011-2109-7

Cited by 16 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…In the latter study, it was hypothesized that a higher amount of unconsumed yolk could fuel a more energetically expensive aggressive and bold personality during the initial establishment of territory in newly emerged rainbow trout larvae. This hypothesis is supported by a recent study performed by Regnier et al [44] demonstrating that individuals with the highest energetic requirements emerge with larger energy reserves. The present study not only concurs that emerging individuals vary in the amount of energy reserves, but also demonstrates a relationship between yolk reserves, aggressive behavior and the propensity to become socially dominant.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 60%

Linking Personality to Larval Energy Reserves in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Andersson

Höglund

2012

PLoS ONE

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There is a surging interest in the evolution, ecology and physiology of personality differences. However, most of the studies in this research area have been performed in adult animals. Trait variations expressed early in development and how they are related to the ontogeny of an animal’s personality are far less studied. Genetic differences as well as environmental factors causing functional variability of the central serotonergic system have been related to personality differences in vertebrates, including humans. Such gene-environment interplay suggests that the central serotonergic system plays an important role in the ontogeny of personality traits. In salmonid fishes, the timing of emergence from spawning nests is related to energy reserves, aggression, and social dominance. However, it is currently unknown how the size of the yolk reserve is reflected on aggression and dominance, or if these traits are linked to differences in serotonergic transmission in newly emerged larvae. In this study we investigated the relationship between yolk reserves, social dominance, and serotonergic transmission in newly emerged rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) larvae. This was conducted by allowing larvae with the same emergence time, but with different yolk sizes, to interact in pairs for 24 h. The results show that individuals with larger yolks performed more aggressive acts, resulting in a suppression of aggression in individuals with smaller yolks. A higher brain serotonergic activity confirmed subordination in larvae with small yolks. The relationship between social dominance and yolk size was present in siblings, demonstrating a link between interfamily variation in energy reserves and aggression, and suggests that larger yolk reserves fuel a more aggressive personality during the initial territorial establishment in salmonid fishes. Furthermore, socially naïve larvae with big yolks had lower serotonin levels, suggesting that other factors than the social environment causes variation in serotonergic transmission, underlying individual variation in aggressive behavior.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 60%

Linking Personality to Larval Energy Reserves in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Andersson

Höglund

2012

PLoS ONE

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“…() both demonstrated that temperature effects on metabolic rate could vary between populations as fry developed most efficiently at temperatures that mirror their local thermal environment. More focused research on metabolic rate, yolk utilisation and growth under different thermal regimes would help clarify the link between metabolic rate and emergence timing reported in studies of brown trout (Régnier, Labonne, Gaudin, & Bolliet, ) and Atlantic salmon (Metcalfe, Taylor, & Thorpe, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…More focused research on metabolic rate, yolk utilisation and growth under different thermal regimes would help clarify the link between metabolic rate and emergence timing reported in studies of brown trout (Régnier, Labonne, Gaudin, & Bolliet, 2012) and Atlantic salmon (Metcalfe, Taylor, & Thorpe, 1995).…”

Section: Egg Size and The Emergence Phenotypementioning

confidence: 99%

Chinook salmon emergence phenotypes: Describing the relationships between temperature, emergence timing and condition factor in a reaction norm framework

Fuhrman

Larsen

Steel

et al. 2017

Ecology of Freshwater Fish

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Water temperature can have a profound influence on development and distribution of aquatic species. Salmon are particularly vulnerable to temperature changes because their reproductive and early development life phases are spent in freshwater river systems where temperature fluctuates widely both daily and seasonally. Flow regulation downstream of dams can also cause temperature regime changes, which in turn may spur local adaptation of early life-history traits. In a common garden laboratory incubation experiment, we exposed spring Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) embryos to four temperature regimes: warm stable, cold stable, daily variation and below dam. We found that fry from warmer thermal regimes emerged earlier than those from colder regimes both in terms of calendar date and temperature units and that warmer temperatures caused fry to emerge less developed. There was also a significant effect of family on both emergence timing and development level at emergence. By combining measurements of physiological and behavioural traits at emergence and interpreting them within a reaction norm framework, we can better understand which populations might be more vulnerable to altered thermal regimes. K E Y W O R D Semergence timing, phenotypic plasticity, reaction norm, Salmon, temperature

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“…Therefore, dominance hierarchies among individuals are expected and could have affected activity levels in the smallest and least competitive individuals (Keenlyside & Yamamoto 1962;MacCrimmon & Twongo 1980). A third explanation could be that the smaller individuals are typically shy personalities, either due to being more at risk by predators (Krause et al 1998) or due to lower resting metabolic rate (Vaz-Serrano et al 2011;R egnier et al 2012).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design of Emergence Test Arenas Can Affect the Results of Boldness Assays

2015

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In this study, we investigate whether and how arena design of emergence tests (a commonly used boldness assay where the latency to emerge from a start box is measured) can affect the behaviour of the subject animals. We used two populations of wild brown trout fry, captured on their hatching grounds, and measured emergence latency in arenas with two different sizes of start-box gates and two different environments into which the fish emerges from the start box (barren and complex), in a factorial design. We found that arena design affected the behaviour of the fish, but only in one of the populations. In the affected population, a large start-box gate in combination with a barren environment reduced emergence latency. Furthermore, the time from leaving the box until entering another compartment on the opposite side of the arena was shorter in a barren environment as compared to a more complex environment. We also found that smaller brown trout fry generally showed lower tendency for emerging from the start box at all. The results of this study suggest that direct comparisons among results from experiments using different arena designs may be problematic and highlight the importance of reporting details of arena design in publications.

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Influence of energetic status on ontogenetic niche shifts: emergence from the redd is linked to metabolic rate in brown trout

Cited by 16 publications

References 48 publications

Linking Personality to Larval Energy Reserves in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Linking Personality to Larval Energy Reserves in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Chinook salmon emergence phenotypes: Describing the relationships between temperature, emergence timing and condition factor in a reaction norm framework

Design of Emergence Test Arenas Can Affect the Results of Boldness Assays

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